The development of early pioneer neurons in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus.

IF 3.4 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Suman Kumar, Sharat Chandra Tumu, Conrad Helm, Harald Hausen
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Background: Nervous system development is an interplay of many processes: the formation of individual neurons, which depends on whole-body and local patterning processes, and the coordinated growth of neurites and synapse formation. While knowledge of neural patterning in several animal groups is increasing, data on pioneer neurons that create the early axonal scaffold are scarce. Here we studied the first steps of nervous system development in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus.

Results: We performed a dense expression profiling of a broad set of neural genes. We found that SoxB expression begins at 4 h postfertilization, and shortly later, the neuronal progenitors can be identified at the anterior and the posterior pole by the transient and dynamic expression of proneural genes. At 9 hpf, the first neuronal cells start differentiating, and we provide a detailed description of axonal outgrowth of the pioneer neurons that create the primary neuronal scaffold. Tracing back the clonal origin of the ventral nerve cord pioneer neuron revealed that it is a descendant of the blastomere 2d (2d221), which after 7 cleavages starts expressing Neurogenin, Acheate-Scute and NeuroD.

Conclusions: We propose that an anterior and posterior origin of the nervous system is ancestral in annelids. We suggest that closer examination of the first pioneer neurons will be valuable in better understanding of nervous system development in spirally cleaving animals, to determine the potential role of cell-intrinsic properties in neuronal specification and to resolve the evolution of nervous systems.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

环节动物马尾鱼早期先锋神经元的发育。
背景:神经系统的发育是许多过程的相互作用:单个神经元的形成依赖于全身和局部的模式过程,以及神经突和突触形成的协调生长。虽然对一些动物群体的神经模式的了解正在增加,但关于产生早期轴突支架的先锋神经元的数据却很少。在这里我们研究了环节动物Malacoceros fuliginosus神经系统发育的第一步。结果:我们对一组广泛的神经基因进行了密集表达谱分析。我们发现,SoxB在受精后4小时开始表达,不久之后,通过前极基因的瞬时和动态表达,可以在前极和后极识别神经元祖细胞。在9 hpf时,第一批神经元细胞开始分化,我们提供了创建初级神经元支架的先锋神经元轴突生长的详细描述。对腹侧神经索先锋神经元克隆起源的追溯表明,它是卵裂球2d (2d221)的后代,卵裂球经过7次裂解后开始表达Neurogenin、acheate - scate和NeuroD。结论:我们提出神经系统的前后起源是在环节动物祖先。我们建议,对第一批先锋神经元进行更深入的研究,将有助于更好地理解螺旋切割动物的神经系统发育,确定细胞内在特性在神经元规范中的潜在作用,并解决神经系统的进化问题。
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来源期刊
BMC Evolutionary Biology
BMC Evolutionary Biology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: BMC Evolutionary Biology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of molecular and non-molecular evolution of all organisms, as well as phylogenetics and palaeontology.
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