Executive Functioning and Activity in Children: a Multimethod Examination of Working Memory, Inhibition, and Hyperactivity.

IF 3.6
Jessica N Smith, Joseph S Raiker, Whitney D Fosco, Morgan L Jusko, Mileini Campez, Kelcey Little, Aaron Mattfeld, Kisbel Espinal, Gabriela Sanchez, Brittany Merrill, Erica D Musser, Elizabeth Gnagy, Andrew Greiner, Erika Coles, William E Pelham
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Two primary methods of quantifying executive functioning include self- or other-reports (i.e., questionnaire-based EF) and cognitive test performance (i.e., task-based EF). Despite their lack of concordance with one another and relatively inconsistent associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, both approaches have been utilized in attempts to advance our understanding of the role of EF in symptoms of ADHD. The current study is the first to incorporate a direct assessment of behavior (i.e., actigraphy) to further clarify the relation between EF and hyperactivity using a multi-method approach in a sample of children with a range of ADHD symptoms. Fifty-two children between the ages of 8 and 12 completed a testing session during which performance on working memory and inhibition computerized tasks, as well as actigraphy data, were collected. Additionally, parent reports of hyperactivity/impulsivity, working memory, and inhibition were obtained. As expected, questionnaire-based measures of working memory and inhibition were strongly associated with parent-reported hyperactivity/impulsivity, whereas only the latter was associated significantly with mechanically assessed movement. In contrast, task-based working memory performance was more strongly associated with parent-reported hyperactivity/impulsivity relative to task-based inhibition. Further, both task-based working memory and task-based inhibition were similarly associated with mechanically-assessed movement. Finally, compared to questionnaire-based EF, both measures of task-based EF accounted for more variance in objectively-assessed movement. Collectively, these results highlight the measurement issues in the present literature, the importance of careful task and questionnaire design, and the value that alternative approaches (e.g., actigraphy) may provide with respect to advancing our understanding of EF.

儿童的执行功能和活动:工作记忆、抑制和多动的多方法检验。
量化执行功能的两种主要方法包括自我或他人报告(即基于问卷的EF)和认知测试表现(即基于任务的EF)。尽管它们之间缺乏一致性,并且与注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)症状的关联也相对不一致,但这两种方法都被用于试图提高我们对EF在ADHD症状中的作用的理解。目前的研究首次采用直接的行为评估(即活动描记术)来进一步阐明EF和多动症之间的关系,该研究采用多方法方法对一系列ADHD症状的儿童样本进行了研究。52名年龄在8岁到12岁之间的儿童完成了一项测试,在此期间,研究人员收集了他们在工作记忆和抑制电脑任务方面的表现,以及活动记录仪数据。此外,还获得了多动/冲动、工作记忆和抑制的家长报告。正如预期的那样,基于问卷的工作记忆和抑制的测量与父母报告的多动/冲动强烈相关,而只有后者与机械评估的运动显著相关。相比之下,基于任务的工作记忆表现与父母报告的多动/冲动的关系更强,而不是基于任务的抑制。此外,基于任务的工作记忆和基于任务的抑制都与机械评估的运动有相似的联系。最后,与基于问卷的EF相比,基于任务的EF的两种测量方法在客观评估的运动中都占了更多的方差。总的来说,这些结果突出了当前文献中的测量问题,仔细的任务和问卷设计的重要性,以及替代方法(例如,活动记录法)在促进我们对EF的理解方面可能提供的价值。
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期刊介绍: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology brings together the latest innovative research that advances knowledge of psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. The journal publishes studies that have a strong theoretical framework and use a diversity of methods, with an emphasis on empirical studies of the major forms of psychopathology found in childhood disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder). Studies focus on the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, treatment, prognosis, and developmental course of these forms of psychopathology. Studies highlighting risk and protective factors; the ecology and correlates of children''s emotional, social, and behavior problems; and advances in prevention and treatment are featured. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the official journal of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP), a multidisciplinary scientific society.
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