Vaccination of Adults and the Older Population against Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis: The Importance of Booster Vaccinations throughout Life.

Q2 Medicine

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI:10.1159/000504489

Birgit Weinberger

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Immunization strategies for the elderly are frequently perceived as comprising only vaccines against influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and herpes zoster. However, besides these vaccines, which are recommended specifically for the elderly, regular booster vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria, and in some cases pertussis and polio, are recommended in many countries for adults including the elderly. Vaccination recommendations for adults differ greatly between individual countries and coverage data are scarce. A substantial proportion of adults, and particularly of the older age groups, do not have protective antibody concentrations against diphtheria, whereas tetanus-specific antibody concentrations are generally higher. Protection against pertussis is unsatisfactory in all adults, and development of improved vaccines is ongoing. Future vaccination strategies should include regular and well-documented booster shots throughout life, as post-booster antibody concentrations correlate with pre-booster antibody concentrations.

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成人和老年人预防破伤风、白喉、百日咳和蜱传脑炎的疫苗接种:终生加强疫苗接种的重要性。

老年人免疫策略通常被认为只包括流感、肺炎链球菌和带状疱疹疫苗。然而，除了这些专门建议为老年人接种的疫苗外，许多国家还建议为包括老年人在内的成年人定期加强接种破伤风、白喉疫苗，在某些情况下还建议接种百日咳和脊髓灰质炎疫苗。针对成人的疫苗接种建议在各个国家之间差异很大，而且覆盖面数据很少。相当大比例的成年人，特别是老年群体，没有针对白喉的保护性抗体浓度，而破伤风特异性抗体浓度一般较高。所有成年人对百日咳的预防效果都不能令人满意，改进疫苗的开发仍在进行中。未来的疫苗接种策略应包括终身定期和有充分记录的加强注射，因为加强后的抗体浓度与加强前的抗体浓度相关。

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Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Medicine-Geriatrics and Gerontology

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期刊介绍： At a time when interest in the process of aging is driving more and more research, ''Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology and Geriatrics'' offers investigators a way to stay at the forefront of developments. This series represents a comprehensive and integrated approach to the problems of aging and presents pertinent data from studies in animal and human gerontology. In order to provide a forum for a unified concept of gerontology, both the biological foundations and the clinical and sociological consequences of aging in humans are presented. Individual volumes are characterized by an analytic overall view of the aging process, novel ideas, and original approaches to healthy aging as well as age-related functional decline.