Molecular Mechanisms of Natural Rubber Biosynthesis.

IF 12.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Annual review of biochemistry Pub Date : 2020-06-20 Epub Date: 2020-03-30 DOI:10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111107
Satoshi Yamashita, Seiji Takahashi
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引用次数: 47

Abstract

Natural rubber (NR), principally comprising cis-1,4-polyisoprene, is an industrially important natural hydrocarbon polymer because of its unique physical properties, which render it suitable for manufacturing items such as tires. Presently, industrial NR production depends solely on latex obtained from the Pará rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. In latex, NR is enclosed in rubber particles, which are specialized organelles comprising a hydrophobic NR core surrounded by a lipid monolayer and membrane-bound proteins. The similarity of the basic carbon skeleton structure between NR and dolichols and polyprenols, which are found in most organisms, suggests that the NR biosynthetic pathway is related to the polyisoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and that rubber transferase, which is the key enzyme in NR biosynthesis, belongs to the cis-prenyltransferase family. Here, we review recent progress in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying NR biosynthesis through the identification of the enzymes that are responsible for the formation of the NR backbone structure.

天然橡胶生物合成的分子机制。
天然橡胶(NR)主要由顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯组成,是工业上重要的天然碳氢化合物聚合物,因为它具有独特的物理性质,使其适合制造轮胎等物品。目前,工业天然橡胶生产完全依赖于从parvea橡胶树——巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)获得的乳胶。在乳胶中,NR被封闭在橡胶颗粒中,橡胶颗粒是由疏水性NR核心组成的特殊细胞器,由脂质单层和膜结合蛋白包围。NR基本碳骨架结构与大多数生物体中存在的多酚和聚戊烯醇相似,表明NR生物合成途径与聚异戊二烯类生物合成途径有关,橡胶转移酶是NR生物合成的关键酶,属于顺式戊烯基转移酶家族。在这里,我们回顾了通过鉴定负责NR主链结构形成的酶来阐明NR生物合成的分子机制的最新进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annual review of biochemistry
Annual review of biochemistry 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
33.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Biochemistry, in publication since 1932, sets the standard for review articles in biological chemistry and molecular biology. Since its inception, these volumes have served as an indispensable resource for both the practicing biochemist and students of biochemistry.
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