The Drosophila gut: A gatekeeper and coordinator of organism fitness and physiology.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Julien Colombani, Ditte S Andersen
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引用次数: 27

Abstract

Multicellular organisms have evolved organs and tissues with highly specialized tasks. For instance, nutrients are assimilated by the gut, sensed, processed, stored, and released by adipose tissues and liver to provide energy consumed by peripheral organ activities. The function of each organ is modified by local clues and systemic signals derived from other organs to ensure a coordinated response accommodating the physiological needs of the organism. The intestine, which represents one of the largest interfaces between the internal and external environment, plays a key role in sensing and relaying environmental inputs such as nutrients and microbial derivatives to other organs to produce systemic responses. In turn, gut physiology and immunity are regulated by multiple signals emanating from other organs including the brain and the adipose tissues. In this review, we highlight physiological processes where the gut serves as a key organ in coupling systemic signals or environmental cues with organism growth, metabolism, immune activity, aging, or behavior. Robust strategies involving intraorgan and interorgan signaling pathways have evolved to preserve gut size in homeostatic conditions and restrict growth during damage-induced regenerative phases. Here we review some of the mechanisms that maintain gut size homeostasis and point out known examples of homeostasis-breaking events that promote gut plasticity to accommodate changes in the external or internal environment. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration.

果蝇肠道:有机体健康和生理的守门人和协调者。
多细胞生物进化出具有高度特化功能的器官和组织。例如,营养物质被肠道吸收,被脂肪组织和肝脏感知、加工、储存和释放,为外周器官活动提供能量。每个器官的功能通过局部线索和来自其他器官的系统信号来调节,以确保协调反应,适应生物体的生理需要。肠道是内外环境之间最大的接口之一,在感知和传递环境输入(如营养物质和微生物衍生物)到其他器官以产生全身反应方面发挥着关键作用。反过来,肠道生理和免疫受到来自其他器官(包括大脑和脂肪组织)的多种信号的调节。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了肠道作为一个关键器官,将系统信号或环境信号与生物体生长、代谢、免疫活性、衰老或行为耦合在一起的生理过程。包括器官内和器官间信号通路在内的强大策略已经发展到在稳态条件下保持肠道大小,并在损伤诱导的再生阶段限制生长。在这里,我们回顾了维持肠道大小内稳态的一些机制,并指出了已知的内稳态破坏事件的例子,这些事件促进肠道可塑性以适应外部或内部环境的变化。本文分类如下:成体干细胞,组织更新和再生>组织干细胞和壁龛成体干细胞,组织更新和再生>干细胞的环境控制成体干细胞,组织更新和再生>再生。
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期刊介绍: Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.
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