Gendered Pathways of Internalizing Problems from Early Childhood to Adolescence and Associated Adolescent Outcomes.

IF 3.6
Leslie Morrison Gutman, Natasha Codiroli McMaster
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引用次数: 44

Abstract

Despite trends indicating worsening internalizing problems, characterized by anxiety and depression, there is dearth of research examining gender differences in developmental trajectories of internalizing problems from early childhood to adolescence. Drawing on the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 17,206, 49% female), this study examines trajectories of parent-reported, clinically-meaningful (reflecting the top 10%) internalizing problems from ages 3 to 14 years and their early predictors and adolescent outcomes. Group-based modelling revealed three trajectories when examining boys and girls together, but there were significant gender differences. When examining boys and girls separately, four trajectories were identified including two relatively stable trajectories showing either high or low probabilities of internalizing problems. An increasing trajectory was also found for both boys and girls, showing an increasing probability of internalizing problems which continued to rise for girls, but levelled off for boys from age 11. A decreasing trajectory was revealed for boys, while a moderate but stable trajectory was identified for girls. Boys and girls in the increasing and high probability groups were more likely to report a number of problematic outcomes including high BMI, self-harm, low mental wellbeing, depressive symptoms, and low educational motivation than the low group. Girls on the increasing trajectory also reported more cigarette and cannabis use and early sexual activity at age 14 compared to girls on the low trajectory. Findings suggest that intervention strategies take a systemic view, targeting not only internal feelings, but also behaviours potentially associated with later negative outcomes.

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从幼儿期到青春期内化问题的性别途径和相关的青少年结果。
尽管有趋势表明,以焦虑和抑郁为特征的内化问题正在恶化,但缺乏研究儿童早期到青春期内化问题发展轨迹中的性别差异。借鉴英国千年队列研究(n = 17206,49%为女性),这项研究考察了父母报告的、有临床意义的(反映前10%)从3岁到14岁的内化问题的轨迹及其早期预测因素和青少年结果。基于群体的建模显示,在一起检查男孩和女孩时有三条轨迹,但存在显著的性别差异。当分别检查男孩和女孩时,确定了四个轨迹,其中包括两个相对稳定的轨迹,显示内化问题的可能性高或低。男孩和女孩也发现了一个增加的轨迹,表明内化问题的可能性越来越大,女孩的内化问题持续增加,但男孩从11岁起趋于平稳。男孩的轨迹是下降的,而女孩的轨迹是适度但稳定的。与低概率组相比,高概率组和高概率组的男孩和女孩更有可能报告一些有问题的结果,包括高BMI、自残、低心理健康、抑郁症状和低教育动机。与处于低轨迹的女孩相比,处于上升轨迹的女孩在14岁时也报告了更多的吸烟和大麻使用以及早期性活动。研究结果表明,干预策略采取系统的观点,不仅针对内心感受,还针对可能与后来的负面结果相关的行为。
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期刊介绍: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology brings together the latest innovative research that advances knowledge of psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. The journal publishes studies that have a strong theoretical framework and use a diversity of methods, with an emphasis on empirical studies of the major forms of psychopathology found in childhood disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder). Studies focus on the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, treatment, prognosis, and developmental course of these forms of psychopathology. Studies highlighting risk and protective factors; the ecology and correlates of children''s emotional, social, and behavior problems; and advances in prevention and treatment are featured. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the official journal of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP), a multidisciplinary scientific society.
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