Early consumption of high-fat diet worsens renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats in adulthood.

Abstract

The association between hypertension and obesity has been shown to be an important cause of kidney disease. We aimed to investigate the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) administered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after weaning in renal morphology and functional parameters. Male post-weaned SHR were divided into two groups: standard control diet (CD) (3% lipids; n = 8) or HFD (30% lipids; n = 8) during 8 weeks. The group HFD showed an increase in serum triglycerides (HFD: 96 ± 7 vs. CD: 33 ± 2 mg/dL) and glucose intolerance (HFD: 185 ± 7 vs. CD: 149 ± 4 mg/dL/min). Moreover, the HFD also showed an increase in almost 90% of the periepididymal and retroperitoneal adiposity. There was no difference in arterial blood pressure between groups. Renal morphofunctional parameters were decreased in HFD group for glomerular tuft area and diameter (4733 ± 65 µm² and 82 ± 1 µm, respectively) when compared with CD group (5289 ± 171 µm² and 88 ± 2 µm, respectively). HFD also showed a decrease of 50% of the renal function, which was associated with higher renal extracellular matrix and lipid deposition. Therefore, our data suggest that HFD since early period of life may contribute to renal damage in adults with hypertension, and this impairment can be associated with increased renal lipid accumulation.