Tinea Capitis: An Updated Review.

IF 4.2 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Alexander K C Leung, Kam L Hon, Kin F Leong, Benjamin Barankin, Joseph M Lam
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引用次数: 39

Abstract

Background: Tinea capitis is a common and, at times, difficult to treat, fungal infection of the scalp.

Objective: This article aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea capitis.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed in Clinical Queries using the key term "tinea capitis". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. Patents were searched using the key term "tinea capitis" at www.freepatentsonline.com.

Results: Tinea capitis is most often caused by Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis. The peak incidence is between 3 and 7 years of age. Non-inflammatory tinea capitis typically presents as fine scaling with single or multiple scaly patches of circular alopecia (grey patches); diffuse or patchy, fine, white, adherent scaling of the scalp resembling generalized dandruff with subtle hair loss; or single or multiple patches of well-demarcated area (s) of alopecia with fine-scale, studded with broken-off hairs at the scalp surface, resulting in the appearance of "black dots". Inflammatory variants of tinea capitis include kerion and favus. Dermoscopy is a highly sensitive tool for the diagnosis of tinea capitis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by direct microscopic examination with a potassium hydroxide wetmount preparation and fungal culture. It is desirable to have mycologic confirmation of tinea capitis before beginning a treatment regimen. Oral antifungal therapy (terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and fluconazole) is considered the gold standard for tinea capitis. Recent patents related to the management of tinea capitis are also discussed.

Conclusion: Tinea capitis requires systemic antifungal treatment. Although topical antifungal therapies have minimal adverse events, topical antifungal agents alone are not recommended for the treatment of tinea capitis because these agents do not penetrate the root of the hair follicles deep within the dermis. Topical antifungal therapy, however, can be used to reduce transmission of spores and can be used as adjuvant therapy to systemic antifungals. Combined therapy with topical and oral antifungals may increase the cure rate.

头癣:最新综述。
背景:头癣是一种常见的头皮真菌感染,有时很难治疗。目的:本文旨在提供有关头癣的评估、诊断和治疗的最新进展。方法:在临床查询中使用关键词“头癣”进行PubMed搜索。检索策略包括荟萃分析、随机对照试验、临床试验、观察性研究和综述。搜索仅限于英国文学。从上述搜索中检索到的信息用于编写本文。在www.freepatentsonline.com.Results上使用关键词“头癣”搜索专利:头癣最常由癣毛癣和犬小孢子虫引起。发病高峰在3至7岁之间。非炎症性头癣典型表现为单个或多个圆形脱发鳞屑斑块(灰色斑块);头皮的弥漫性或斑片状,细,白色,粘附的鳞屑,类似泛发性头皮屑,伴有轻微的脱发;或单片或多片斑秃,斑度精细,头皮表面布满脱落的头发,造成“黑点”的外观。头癣的炎性变异包括角质瘤和腺瘤。皮肤镜检查是诊断头癣的一种高度敏感的工具。诊断可以通过氢氧化钾湿片制备和真菌培养的直接显微镜检查来证实。在开始治疗方案之前,最好对头癣进行真菌学确认。口服抗真菌治疗(特比萘芬、灰黄霉素、伊曲康唑和氟康唑)被认为是治疗头癣的金标准。还讨论了与头癣治疗有关的最新专利。结论:头癣需要全身抗真菌治疗。虽然局部抗真菌治疗有最小的不良事件,局部抗真菌药物单独不推荐用于治疗头癣,因为这些药物不能穿透毛囊的根部深入真皮。然而,局部抗真菌治疗可用于减少孢子的传播,并可作为全身抗真菌药物的辅助治疗。局部和口服抗真菌药物联合治疗可提高治愈率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery publishes review articles by experts on recent patents in the field of inflammation and allergy drug discovery e.g. on novel bioactive compounds, analogs and targets. A selection of important and recent patents in the field is also included in the journal. The journal is essential reading for all researchers involved in inflammation and allergy drug design and discovery.
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