Decision-Making Deficits in Adolescent Boys with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): an Experimental Assessment of Associated Mechanisms.

IF 3.6
Tycho J Dekkers, Hilde M Huizenga, Arne Popma, Anika Bexkens, Jacqueline N Zadelaar, Brenda R J Jansen
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引用次数: 13

Abstract

Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) demonstrate increased levels of real-life risk-taking behavior like substance abuse and reckless behavior in traffic, which potentially originates in decision-making deficits. Using experimental gambling tasks, the current study investigated three potential underlying mechanisms: (1) risky vs. suboptimal decision making, (2) the complexity of decision-making strategies and (3) the influence of feedback. Participants were 181 male adolescents (81 ADHD, 100 Typically Developing (TD); Mage = 15.1 years). First, we addressed a common confound in many gambling tasks by disentangling risk seeking from suboptimal decision making, and found that ADHD-related decision-making deficits do not originate in increased risk seeking but in suboptimal decision making. Second, we assessed decision-making strategies with a Bayesian latent mixture analysis and found that ADHD-related decision-making deficits are characterized by the use of less complex strategies. That is, adolescent boys with ADHD, relative to TD adolescent boys, less often adopted strategies in which all characteristics relevant to make an optimal decision were integrated. Third, we administered two gambling task conditions with feedback in which adolescents experience the outcomes of their decisions and found that adolescents with ADHD performed worse relative to TD adolescents on both conditions. Altogether, this set of studies demonstrated consistent decision-making deficits in adolescent boys with ADHD: The use of less complex decision-making strategies may cause suboptimal decision making, both in situations with and without direct feedback on performance.

有或没有注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的青春期男孩的决策缺陷:相关机制的实验评估。
患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的青少年在现实生活中表现出越来越多的冒险行为,比如滥用药物和交通中的鲁莽行为,这些行为可能源于决策缺陷。本研究利用实验赌博任务,探讨了三个潜在的潜在机制:(1)风险决策与次优决策;(2)决策策略的复杂性;(3)反馈的影响。参与者为181名男性青少年(81名ADHD, 100名典型发育(TD);法师= 15.1年)。首先,我们通过将风险寻求与次优决策分离开来,解决了许多赌博任务中常见的混淆问题,并发现adhd相关的决策缺陷并非源于风险寻求的增加,而是源于次优决策。其次,我们使用贝叶斯潜在混合分析评估决策策略,发现adhd相关决策缺陷的特征是使用不太复杂的策略。也就是说,患有ADHD的青春期男孩,相对于患有TD的青春期男孩,较少采用整合所有相关特征以做出最优决策的策略。第三,我们管理了两种带有反馈的赌博任务条件,在这些条件下,青少年体验了他们的决定的结果,发现ADHD青少年在两种情况下的表现都比TD青少年差。总之,这组研究证明了患有多动症的青春期男孩一致的决策缺陷:使用不太复杂的决策策略可能导致次优决策,无论是在有或没有直接表现反馈的情况下。
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology brings together the latest innovative research that advances knowledge of psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. The journal publishes studies that have a strong theoretical framework and use a diversity of methods, with an emphasis on empirical studies of the major forms of psychopathology found in childhood disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder). Studies focus on the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, treatment, prognosis, and developmental course of these forms of psychopathology. Studies highlighting risk and protective factors; the ecology and correlates of children''s emotional, social, and behavior problems; and advances in prevention and treatment are featured. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the official journal of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP), a multidisciplinary scientific society.
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