Personally perceived publication pressure: revising the Publication Pressure Questionnaire (PPQ) by using work stress models.

IF 7.2 Q1 ETHICS
Research integrity and peer review Pub Date : 2019-04-09 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI:10.1186/s41073-019-0066-6
Tamarinde L Haven, Marije Esther Evalien de Goede, Joeri K Tijdink, Frans Jeroen Oort
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引用次数: 19

Abstract

Background: The emphasis on impact factors and the quantity of publications intensifies competition between researchers. This competition was traditionally considered an incentive to produce high-quality work, but there are unwanted side-effects of this competition like publication pressure. To measure the effect of publication pressure on researchers, the Publication Pressure Questionnaire (PPQ) was developed. Upon using the PPQ, some issues came to light that motivated a revision.

Method: We constructed two new subscales based on work stress models using the facet method. We administered the revised PPQ (PPQr) to a convenience sample together with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ). To assess which items best measured publication pressure, we carried out a principal component analysis (PCA). Reliability was sufficient when Cronbach's alpha > 0.7. Finally, we administered the PPQr in a larger, independent sample of researchers to check the reliability of the revised version.

Results: Three components were identified as 'stress', 'attitude', and 'resources'. We selected 3 × 6 = 18 items with high loadings in the three-component solution. Based on the convenience sample, Cronbach's alphas were 0.83 for stress, 0.80 for attitude, and 0.76 for resources. We checked the validity of the PPQr by inspecting the correlations with the MBI and the WDQ. Stress correlated 0.62 with MBI's emotional exhaustion. Resources correlated 0.50 with relevant WDQ subscales. To assess the internal structure of the PPQr in the independent reliability sample, we conducted the principal component analysis. The three-component solution explains 50% of the variance. Cronbach's alphas were 0.80, 0.78, and 0.75 for stress, attitude, and resources, respectively.

Conclusion: We conclude that the PPQr is a valid and reliable instrument to measure publication pressure in academic researchers from all disciplinary fields. The PPQr strongly relates to burnout and could also be beneficial for policy makers and research institutions to assess the degree of publication pressure in their institute.

个人感知出版压力:运用工作压力模型对出版压力问卷进行修订。
背景:对影响因子和发表量的重视加剧了研究者之间的竞争。这种竞争传统上被认为是产生高质量作品的一种激励,但这种竞争也有不受欢迎的副作用,比如出版压力。为了测量出版压力对科研人员的影响,我们编制了出版压力问卷(PPQ)。在使用PPQ后,一些问题暴露出来,促使了修订。方法:采用面形法在工作应力模型的基础上构建两个新的子量表。我们将修订后的PPQ (PPQr)与Maslach职业倦怠量表(MBI)和工作设计问卷(WDQ)一起应用于方便样本。为了评估哪些项目最能衡量出版压力,我们进行了主成分分析(PCA)。当Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7时,信度是足够的。最后,我们在一个更大的、独立的研究人员样本中进行了PPQr测试,以检验修订版本的可靠性。结果:三个组成部分被确定为“压力”、“态度”和“资源”。我们在三组分溶液中选择了3 × 6 = 18个高负荷项目。基于便利样本,压力的Cronbach’s alpha为0.83,态度的Cronbach’s alpha为0.80,资源的Cronbach’s alpha为0.76。我们通过检查与MBI和WDQ的相关性来检查PPQr的有效性。压力与MBI的情绪耗竭相关系数为0.62。资源与相关WDQ子量表的相关系数为0.50。为了评估独立可靠性样本中PPQr的内部结构,我们进行了主成分分析。三分量解解释了50%的方差。压力、态度和资源的Cronbach's alpha分别为0.80、0.78和0.75。结论:PPQr是衡量各学科学术人员发表压力的有效、可靠的工具。PPQr与职业倦怠密切相关,也有助于政策制定者和研究机构评估其所在机构的出版压力程度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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