Elk Resource Selection and Implications for Anthrax Management in Montana.

The Journal of Wildlife Management Pub Date : 2016-02-01 Epub Date: 2015-11-06 DOI:10.1002/jwmg.1016
Lillian R Morris, Kelly M Proffitt, Valpa Asher, Jason K Blackburn
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引用次数: 30

Abstract

Anthrax, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals throughout the world. In North America, anthrax outbreaks occur in livestock and wildlife species. Vaccine administration in wildlife is untenable; the most effective form of management is surveillance and decontamination of carcasses. Successful management is critical because untreated carcasses can create infectious zones increasing risk for other susceptible hosts. We studied the bacterium in a re-emerging anthrax zone in southwest Montana. In 2008, a large anthraxepizootic primarily affected a domestic bison (Bison bison) herd and the male segment of a free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) herd in southwestern Montana. Following the outbreak, we initiated a telemetry study on elk to evaluate resource selection during the anthrax season to assist with anthrax management. We used a mixed effects generalized linear model (GLM) to estimate resource selection by male elk, and we mapped habitat preferences across the landscape. We overlaid preferred habitats on ecological niche model-based estimates of B. anthracis presence. We observed significant overlap between areas with a high predicted probability of male elk selection and B. anthracis potential. These potentially risky areas of elk and B. anthracis overlap were broadly spread over public and private lands. Future outbreaks in the region are probable, and this analysis identified the spatial extent of the risk area in the region, which can be used to prioritize anthrax surveillance.

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蒙大拿州麋鹿资源选择及其对炭疽管理的启示。
炭疽是一种人畜共患疾病,由形成孢子的炭疽芽孢杆菌引起,影响全世界的人类和动物。在北美,炭疽热在家畜和野生动物中爆发。在野生动物中接种疫苗是站不住脚的;最有效的管理形式是对尸体进行监测和消毒。成功的管理是至关重要的,因为未经处理的尸体会造成感染区,增加其他易感宿主的风险。我们在蒙大拿州西南部重新出现的炭疽区研究了这种细菌。2008年,在蒙大拿州西南部,一场大规模的炭疽热主要影响了一个家养野牛群和一个自由放养的麋鹿群的雄性部分。疫情爆发后,我们启动了对麋鹿的遥测研究,以评估炭疽季节的资源选择,以协助炭疽管理。利用混合效应广义线性模型(GLM)估计雄性麋鹿的资源选择,并绘制了整个景观的栖息地偏好图。我们在基于生态位模型的炭疽芽孢杆菌存在估计上叠加了首选栖息地。我们观察到在雄性麋鹿选择的高预测概率区域和炭疽芽孢杆菌潜在区之间有显著的重叠。这些麋鹿和炭疽杆菌重叠的潜在危险区域广泛分布在公共和私人土地上。该地区未来可能爆发疫情,该分析确定了该地区风险区域的空间范围,可用于确定炭疽热监测的优先次序。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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