Assessing Pneumococcal Vaccination Availability in Under-Vaccinated Rural Counties: A Pharmacy Perspective.

Abstract

Objective: Vaccines are a low-cost, high-impact interventions that effectively and efficiently reduce the burden of infectious diseases. Many rural populations have vaccination rates well below nationally recommended levels. Community pharmacies may offer a solution to this problem. Under a collaborative drug therapy agreement (CDTA), pharmacists can prescribe and administer immunizations. The purpose of this study was to examine pneumococcal vaccine access in rural pharmacies in Eastern Washington state.

Design: A qualitative descriptive design was utilized in this study. The sample included all pharmacies located in two rural Washington state counties. Interviews were conducted with pharmacy staff. Every pharmacy in the two counties was surveyed over the telephone. Data analysis included directed content analysis and descriptive statistics.

Findings: Each of the 10 pharmacies identified participated. Pharmacy volume varied (weekly prescription counts of 300 to 2,500). Sixty percent of pharmacies currently provide vaccines. Quoted prices of the PCV13 varied between $65 and $228. Quoted prices of the PPSV23 varied between $64 and $120. Pharmacies that vaccinated made it convenient with "walk-in" scheduling practices. Some pharmacies required a prescription from a separate provider while others could prescribe on-site through CDTA. Pharmacies that chose not to vaccinate did so for a variety of reasons.

Conclusions: Access to pneumococcal vaccines will be enhanced by pharmacist administration, resulting in improved availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability for patients in rural Washington.