The cell biology and molecular genetics of Müllerian duct development.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Zahida Yesmin Roly, Brendan Backhouse, Andrew Cutting, Tiong Yang Tan, Andrew H Sinclair, Katie L Ayers, Andrew T Major, Craig A Smith
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引用次数: 51

Abstract

The Müllerian ducts are part of the embryonic urogenital system. They give rise to mature structures that serve a critical function in the transport and development of the oocyte and/or embryo. In most vertebrates, both sexes initially develop Müllerian ducts during embryogenesis, but they regress in males under the influence of testis-derived Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH). A number of regulatory factors have been shown to be essential for proper duct development, including Bmp and Wnt signaling molecules, together with homeodomain transcription factors such as PAX2 and LIM1. Later in development, the fate of the ducts diverges between males and females and is regulated by AMH and Wnt signaling molecules (duct regression in males) and Hox genes (duct patterning in females). Most of the genes and molecular pathways known to be involved in Müllerian duct development have been elucidated through animal models, namely, the mouse and chicken. In addition, genetic analysis of humans with reproductive tract disorders has further defined molecular mechanisms of duct formation and differentiation. However, despite our current understanding of Müllerian duct development, some questions remain to be answered at the molecular genetic level. This article is categorized under: Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan.

勒氏管发育的细胞生物学和分子遗传学。
勒氏管是胚胎泌尿生殖系统的一部分。它们产生成熟的结构,在卵母细胞和/或胚胎的运输和发育中起关键作用。在大多数脊椎动物中,两性在胚胎发育过程中都开始发育下腰管,但在雄性中,在睾丸源性抗下腰管激素(AMH)的影响下,它们会退化。许多调节因子已被证明对正常的管道发育至关重要,包括Bmp和Wnt信号分子,以及同源结构域转录因子如PAX2和LIM1。在发育后期,雄性和雌性之间的管道命运不同,并由AMH和Wnt信号分子(雄性管道退化)和Hox基因(雌性管道模式)调节。大多数已知参与勒氏管发育的基因和分子途径已经通过动物模型,即小鼠和鸡被阐明。此外,对人类生殖道疾病的遗传分析进一步明确了生殖道形成和分化的分子机制。然而,尽管我们目前对勒氏管的发育有所了解,但在分子遗传水平上仍有一些问题有待解答。这篇文章的分类是:早期胚胎发育>发育到基本身体计划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.
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