Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases.

Q2 Medicine
Clinical and Molecular Allergy Pub Date : 2018-01-10 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI:10.1186/s12948-018-0080-0
Roberto Paganelli, Claudia Petrarca, Mario Di Gioacchino
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引用次数: 37

Abstract

The 2017 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, awarded for the discoveries made in the past 15 years on the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating many physiological functions, has renewed the attention to the importance of circadian rhythms. These originate from a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain, photoentrained via direct connection with melanopsin containing, intrinsically light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells, and it projects to periphery, thus creating an inner circadian rhythm. This regulates several activities, including sleep, feeding times, energy metabolism, endocrine and immune functions. Disturbances of these rhythms, mainly of wake/sleep, hormonal secretion and feeding, cause decrease in quality of life, as well as being involved in development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders. Most immunological functions, from leukocyte numbers, activity and cytokine secretion undergo circadian variations, which might affect susceptibility to infections. The intensity of symptoms and disease severity show a 24 h pattern in many immunological and allergic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, atopic eczema and chronic urticaria. This is accompanied by altered sleep duration and quality, a major determinant of quality of life. Shift work and travel through time zones as well as artificial light pose new health threats by disrupting the circadian rhythms. Finally, the field of chronopharmacology uses these concepts for delivering drugs in synchrony with biological rhythms.

Abstract Image

生物钟:它们与免疫过敏性疾病的关系。
2017年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予过去15年来在调节许多生理功能的遗传和分子机制方面的发现,使人们重新关注昼夜节律的重要性。这些信号来自大脑视交叉上核的中央起搏器,通过与含有黑视素的、本质上对光敏感的视网膜神经节细胞的直接连接而被光携带,并投射到周围,从而产生内部昼夜节律。这调节了一些活动,包括睡眠、进食时间、能量代谢、内分泌和免疫功能。这些节律的紊乱,主要是觉醒/睡眠、激素分泌和进食的紊乱,会导致生活质量的下降,并与肥胖、代谢综合征和神经精神疾病的发展有关。大多数免疫功能,从白细胞数量,活性和细胞因子分泌经历昼夜变化,这可能影响对感染的易感性。在许多免疫和过敏性疾病中,症状的强度和疾病的严重程度表现为24小时的模式,包括类风湿关节炎、支气管哮喘、特应性湿疹和慢性荨麻疹。这伴随着睡眠时间和质量的改变,这是生活质量的主要决定因素。轮班工作、跨时区旅行以及人造光扰乱了昼夜节律,对健康构成了新的威胁。最后,时间药理学领域使用这些概念与生物节律同步给药。
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来源期刊
Clinical and Molecular Allergy
Clinical and Molecular Allergy Medicine-Immunology and Allergy
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
11
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Clinical and Molecular Allergy is an open access, peer-reviewed, online journal that publishes research on human allergic and immunodeficient disease (immune deficiency not related to HIV infection/AIDS). The scope of the journal encompasses all aspects of the clinical, genetic, molecular and inflammatory aspects of allergic-respiratory (Type 1 hypersensitivity) and non-AIDS immunodeficiency disorders. However, studies of allergic/hypersensitive aspects of HIV infection/AIDS or drug desensitization protocols in AIDS are acceptable. At the basic science level, this includes original work and reviews on the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response.
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