Davide Cucchi, Antongiulio Marmotti, Silvana De Giorgi, Alberto Costa, Rocco D'Apolito, Marco Conca, Alessandro Russo, Maristella F Saccomanno, Laura de Girolamo
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引用次数: 34
Abstract
Shoulder stiffness is a condition of painful restriction of the glenohumeral range of motion. Numerous risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness have been described. This article summarizes the known aspects of the pathophysiology of shoulder stiffness, with special attention to elements of molecular biology and genetics, which could influence the risk of developing shoulder stiffness. Furthermore, the role of hormonal and metabolic factors, medical disorders, drugs, and of other published risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness is reviewed and discussed. Finally, aspects related to shoulder surgery and postoperative rehabilitation protocols, which could influence the development of postoperative stiffness are presented.
期刊介绍：
Joints is the official publication of SIGASCOT (Italian Society of the Knee, Arthroscopy, Sports Traumatology, Cartilage and Orthopaedic Technology). As an Open Acccess journal, it publishes papers on clinical and basic research, review articles, technical notes, case reports, and editorials about the latest developments in knee surgery, arthroscopy, sports traumatology, cartilage, orthopaedic technology, upper limb, and related rehabilitation. Letters to the Editor and comments on the journal''s content are always welcome.
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