Emerging Role of CD44 Receptor as a Potential Target in Disease Diagnosis: A Patent Review.

Abstract

Background: The CD44 receptor is a cell surface glycoprotein, which mediates many physiological and pathological activities. Its key role is to provide defence against inflammatory reactions by cellular transmigration and cell signalling. In pathological conditions, it gives destructive outcomes by mediating migration of pathogenic cells to vital organs resulting in tissue and organ damage. It binds to several ligands principally the hyaluronan.

Objective: This review explores CD44 structure, functions, and its potential as a disease indicator and therapeutic target.

Method: From a thorough literature review on the CD44 receptor, several patents of targeting approaches have been identified and herewith reviewed which recommend CD44-binding proteins, CD44-binding antibodies, antibody fragments, pharmaceutical compositions, as well as nucleic acids as a targeting moiety.

Result: Applicability of CD44 overexpression and its targeting has now been extensively utilized in the disease diagnosis and real-time bio imaging of pathologic cells.

Conclusion: A thorough understanding of CD44-receptor structure, expression and diverse functions towards different cell types would offer an opportunity to develop better therapeutic approaches in the near future by overcoming all the shortcomings of toxicity and efficacy. The present review includes recent patents of CD44 receptor targeting approaches that have been presented in the different agencies: European (EP), US, and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and a general analysis of the future developments and trends in this emerging area.