Acute Otitis Media in Children.

IF 4.2 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Alexander K C Leung, Alex H C Wong
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

Background: Acute otitis media is a common childhood infection. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important.

Objective: To review in depth the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications and particularly treatment of acute otitis media in children.

Methods: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "acute otitis media". Patents were searched using the key term "acute otitis media" from www.google.com/patents, http://espacenet.com, and www.freepatentsonline.com.

Results: Acute otitis media affects over 80% of children before their third birthday and 30 to 45% of these children have suffered two or more episodes. Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequently isolated middle-ear pathogens. The diagnosis is based on acute onset of symptoms such as otalgia and fever, middle ear inflammation such as erythema of the tympanic membrane, and middle ear effusion. The choice of treatment method depends on the age of the child, laterality, and the severity of the disease. Recent patents related to the management of acute otitis media are also retrieved and discussed.

Conclusion: Antimicrobial treatment is recommended for all children less than two years of age, as well as in children ≥ two years of age who have a temperature ≥ 39oC; are toxic looking; have otalgia > 48 hours; have bilateral otitis media or otorrhea; have craniofacial abnormalities; are immunocompromised; or have uncertain access to follow-up. Amoxicillin is the drug of choice. Observation without antibiotic is an option in immunocompetent children ≥ two years of age who have an acute uncomplicated otitis media and non-severe illness if appropriate follow-up can be arranged.

儿童急性中耳炎。
背景:急性中耳炎是一种常见的儿童感染。及时诊断和适当治疗非常重要。目的:对儿童急性中耳炎的流行病学、病理生理、临床表现、诊断、并发症及治疗进行综述。方法:在临床查询中使用关键词“急性中耳炎”完成PubMed搜索。使用关键词“急性中耳炎”从www.google.com/patents, http://espacenet.com和www.freepatentsonline.com.Results检索专利:急性中耳炎影响超过80%的三岁前儿童,其中30%至45%的儿童患有两次或两次以上的发作。肺炎链球菌、非分型流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌是最常分离的中耳病原体。诊断是基于急性发作的症状,如耳痛和发烧,中耳炎症,如鼓膜红斑,中耳积液。治疗方法的选择取决于儿童的年龄、侧边性和疾病的严重程度。最近的专利有关管理的急性中耳炎也检索和讨论。结论:建议所有2岁以下儿童以及≥2岁且体温≥39℃的儿童使用抗菌药物治疗;是有毒的;有耳痛> 48小时;双侧中耳炎或耳漏;颅面畸形;免疫功能不全的;或者无法确定是否有后续行动。阿莫西林是首选药物。如果可以安排适当的随访,免疫功能正常且患有急性无并发症中耳炎和非严重疾病的≥2岁儿童可以选择不使用抗生素进行观察。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery publishes review articles by experts on recent patents in the field of inflammation and allergy drug discovery e.g. on novel bioactive compounds, analogs and targets. A selection of important and recent patents in the field is also included in the journal. The journal is essential reading for all researchers involved in inflammation and allergy drug design and discovery.
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