Maternal Beliefs Surrounding Infant Feeding, but Not Maternal BMI or Hospital Experience, Predict Breastfeeding Exclusivity and Behavior.

Abstract

Background: Overweight/Obese (OW/Ob) women are at risk for breastfeeding failure. How maternal BMI affects lactation support received in-hospital, or maternal attitudes and beliefs surrounding infant feeding remains poorly understood. We investigated 1) the impact of in-hospital lactation support and maternal attitudes and behaviors regarding infant feeding on breastfeeding exclusivity, and 2) whether these potentially modifiable attitudes and behaviors differed between normal weights (NW) versus OW/Ob women.

Methods: NW (n=18) and OW/Ob (n=20) women and their infants were followed from birth to 4-months postpartum. In-hospital experiences, problems and help received regarding breastfeeding were documented. Six maternal attitudes and behaviors surrounding infant feeding were assessed at 2-weeks and 4-months. These factors were compared between NW and OW/OB women, and in relation to breastfeeding exclusivity.

Results: In-hospital experiences, assistance received regarding breastfeeding difficulties, and infant breastfeeding exposure did not differ between NW and OW/Ob women. At 4-months OW/Ob women were more likely to feed their infant on a schedule (p<0.03); this was the only difference in attitudes/behaviors between BMI-groups. Feeding the infant on a schedule was predictive of lower total breastfeeding exposure (p<0.05). Maternal concern about infant under-eating/becoming underweight was associated with several negative feeding behaviors, including reduced breastfeeding exposure (p<0.02), pressuring feeding style (p<0.01), and feeding to calm fussiness (p<0.01).

Conclusion: This hospital setting provided equitable breastfeeding support to OW/Ob and NW women. Maternal concern over infant under-eating/under-gaining and encouragement to feed on-demand are prime interventional targets to improve breastfeeding outcomes; the latter may be especially relevant to OW/Ob mothers.