The Evolution of Epigenetics: From Prokaryotes to Humans and Its Biological Consequences.

Genetics and Epigenetics Pub Date : 2016-08-03 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI:10.4137/GEG.S31863

Amber Willbanks, Meghan Leary, Molly Greenshields, Camila Tyminski, Sarah Heerboth, Karolina Lapinska, Kathryn Haskins, Sibaji Sarkar

{"title":"The Evolution of Epigenetics: From Prokaryotes to Humans and Its Biological Consequences.","authors":"Amber Willbanks, Meghan Leary, Molly Greenshields, Camila Tyminski, Sarah Heerboth, Karolina Lapinska, Kathryn Haskins, Sibaji Sarkar","doi":"10.4137/GEG.S31863","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolution process includes genetic alterations that started with prokaryotes and now continues in humans. A distinct difference between prokaryotic chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes involves histones. As evolution progressed, genetic alterations accumulated and a mechanism for gene selection developed. It was as if nature was experimenting to optimally utilize the gene pool without changing individual gene sequences. This mechanism is called epigenetics, as it is above the genome. Curiously, the mechanism of epigenetic regulation in prokaryotes is strikingly different from that in eukaryotes, mainly higher eukaryotes, like mammals. In fact, epigenetics plays a significant role in the conserved process of embryogenesis and human development. Malfunction of epigenetic regulation results in many types of undesirable effects, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This review provides a comparative analysis and new insights into these aspects. </p>","PeriodicalId":56361,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and Epigenetics","volume":"8 ","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2016-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/GEG.S31863","citationCount":"57","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Genetics and Epigenetics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4137/GEG.S31863","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2016/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

Abstract

The evolution process includes genetic alterations that started with prokaryotes and now continues in humans. A distinct difference between prokaryotic chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes involves histones. As evolution progressed, genetic alterations accumulated and a mechanism for gene selection developed. It was as if nature was experimenting to optimally utilize the gene pool without changing individual gene sequences. This mechanism is called epigenetics, as it is above the genome. Curiously, the mechanism of epigenetic regulation in prokaryotes is strikingly different from that in eukaryotes, mainly higher eukaryotes, like mammals. In fact, epigenetics plays a significant role in the conserved process of embryogenesis and human development. Malfunction of epigenetic regulation results in many types of undesirable effects, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This review provides a comparative analysis and new insights into these aspects.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

表观遗传学的进化:从原核生物到人类及其生物学后果。

进化过程包括从原核生物开始的基因改变，现在继续在人类身上进行。原核生物染色体和真核生物染色体之间的一个明显区别涉及组蛋白。随着进化的进行，基因改变的积累和基因选择机制的发展。这就好像大自然在不改变单个基因序列的情况下进行实验，以最优地利用基因库。这种机制被称为表观遗传学，因为它在基因组之上。奇怪的是，原核生物的表观遗传调控机制与真核生物，主要是高等真核生物，如哺乳动物，有着显著的不同。事实上，表观遗传学在胚胎发生和人类发育的保守过程中起着重要作用。表观遗传调控的功能障碍会导致许多类型的不良影响，包括心血管疾病、代谢紊乱、自身免疫性疾病和癌症。本文对这些方面进行了比较分析，并提出了新的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Genetics and Epigenetics

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

8 weeks