Disembodied Mind: Cortical Changes Following Brainstem Injury in Patients with Locked-in Syndrome.

Q4 Medicine
Open Neuroimaging Journal Pub Date : 2016-05-13 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI:10.2174/1874440001610010032
Francesca Pistoia, Riccardo Cornia, Massimiliano Conson, Olivia Gosseries, Antonio Carolei, Simona Sacco, Carlo C Quattrocchi, Carlo A Mallio, Cristina Iani, Debora Di Mambro, Marco Sarà
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Locked-in syndrome (LIS) following ventral brainstem damage is the most severe form of motor disability. Patients are completely entrapped in an unresponsive body despite consciousness is preserved. Although the main feature of LIS is this extreme motor impairment, minor non-motor dysfunctions such as motor imagery defects and impaired emotional recognition have been reported suggesting an alteration of embodied cognition, defined as the effects that the body and its performances may have on cognitive domains. We investigated the presence of structural cortical changes in LIS, which may account for the reported cognitive dysfunctions. For this aim, magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired in 11 patients with LIS (6 males and 5 females; mean age: 52.3±5.2SD years; mean time interval from injury to evaluation: 9±1.2SD months) and 44 healthy control subjects matching patients for age, sex and education. Freesurfer software was used to process data and to estimate cortical volumes in LIS patients as compared to healthy subjects. Results showed a selective cortical volume loss in patients involving the superior frontal gyrus, the pars opercularis and the insular cortex in the left hemisphere, and the superior and medium frontal gyrus, the pars opercularis, the insular cortex, and the superior parietal lobule in the right hemisphere. As these structures are typically associated with the mirror neuron system, which represents the neural substrate for embodied simulation processes, our results provide neuroanatomical support for potential disembodiment in LIS.

Abstract Image

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无实体思维:闭锁综合征患者脑干损伤后的皮质变化。
腹侧脑干损伤后的闭锁综合征(LIS)是运动障碍最严重的形式。病人完全被困在一个没有反应的身体里,尽管意识被保留了下来。虽然LIS的主要特征是这种极端的运动障碍,但据报道,轻微的非运动功能障碍,如运动意象缺陷和情绪识别受损,表明具身认知的改变,定义为身体及其表现可能对认知领域产生的影响。我们研究了LIS中存在的结构皮质变化,这可能是所报道的认知功能障碍的原因。为此,对11例LIS患者(6男5女)进行了磁共振成像扫描;平均年龄:52.3±5.2SD年;从受伤到评估的平均时间间隔:9±1.2SD月)和44名年龄、性别和教育程度相匹配的健康对照。Freesurfer软件用于处理数据并估计LIS患者与健康受试者相比的皮质体积。结果显示,患者的大脑皮层体积选择性减少,包括左半球额上回、脑包皮部和岛叶皮层,以及右半球额上回和中回、脑包皮部、岛叶皮层和顶叶上小叶。由于这些结构通常与镜像神经元系统相关,而镜像神经元系统代表了具体化模拟过程的神经基质,因此我们的研究结果为LIS的潜在分离提供了神经解剖学支持。
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来源期刊
Open Neuroimaging Journal
Open Neuroimaging Journal Medicine-Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
3
期刊介绍: The Open Neuroimaging Journal is an Open Access online journal, which publishes research articles, reviews/mini-reviews, and letters in all important areas of brain function, structure and organization including neuroimaging, neuroradiology, analysis methods, functional MRI acquisition and physics, brain mapping, macroscopic level of brain organization, computational modeling and analysis, structure-function and brain-behavior relationships, anatomy and physiology, psychiatric diseases and disorders of the nervous system, use of imaging to the understanding of brain pathology and brain abnormalities, cognition and aging, social neuroscience, sensorimotor processing, communication and learning.
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