Biliary Mucosal Barrier and Microbiome.

Viszeralmedizin Pub Date : 2015-06-01 Epub Date: 2015-06-05 DOI:10.1159/000431071
Julien Verdier, Tom Luedde, Gernot Sellge
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引用次数: 58

Abstract

Background: The biliary system is in continuous contact with the complex microbiota of the intestine. Microbial products have recently been proposed as potential triggers for biliary diseases.

Methods: The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current knowledge regarding the role of the biliary and intestinal microbiome in biliary inflammatory diseases.

Results: Previously, it was suggested that the healthy biliary system is a sterile organ, while acute cholangitis and cholecystitis may occur from ascending infections. Although non-inflammatory biliary colonization by certain bacteria such as Salmonella spp. has been already recognized since several decades, human and animal studies indicated only very recently that the gallbladder harbors a complex microbiota also under non-pathologic conditions. Novel findings suggested that - similar to the situation in the intestine - the biliary mucosa features a chemical, mechanical, and immunological barrier, ensuring immunological tolerance against commensals. However, microbial triggers might influence acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the biliary system and the whole liver.

Conclusion: Although yet undefined, dysbiosis of the biliary or intestinal microbiota rather than a single microorganism may influence disease progression.

Abstract Image

胆道粘膜屏障与微生物组。
背景:胆道系统与肠道复杂的微生物群持续接触。微生物产品最近被认为是胆道疾病的潜在诱因。方法:本综述的目的是对目前有关胆道和肠道微生物组在胆道炎症性疾病中的作用的知识进行总结。结果:以前认为,健康的胆道系统是一个无菌器官,而急性胆管炎和胆囊炎可能由上行感染引起。虽然某些细菌如沙门氏菌的非炎症性胆道定植在几十年前就已经被认识到,但人类和动物研究直到最近才表明,胆囊在非病理条件下也有复杂的微生物群。新的研究结果表明,与肠道的情况类似,胆道粘膜具有化学、机械和免疫屏障,确保对共生菌的免疫耐受。然而,微生物触发器可能影响胆道系统和整个肝脏的急性和慢性炎症性疾病。结论:虽然尚未明确,但胆道或肠道微生物群的生态失调可能影响疾病的进展,而不是单一的微生物。
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来源期刊
Viszeralmedizin
Viszeralmedizin GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY-SURGERY
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