Characterization of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welding Fume Generated by Apprentice Welders.

Annals of Occupational Hygiene Pub Date : 2016-03-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-12 DOI:10.1093/annhyg/mev074
Halshka Graczyk, Nastassja Lewinski, Jiayuan Zhao, Nicolas Concha-Lozano, Michael Riediker
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引用次数: 28

Abstract

Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) represents one of the most widely used metal joining processes in industry. Its propensity to generate a greater portion of welding fume particles at the nanoscale poses a potential occupational health hazard for workers. However, current literature lacks comprehensive characterization of TIG welding fume particles. Even less is known about welding fumes generated by welding apprentices with little experience in welding. We characterized TIG welding fume generated by apprentice welders (N = 20) in a ventilated exposure cabin. Exposure assessment was conducted for each apprentice welder at the breathing zone (BZ) inside of the welding helmet and at a near-field (NF) location, 60cm away from the welding task. We characterized particulate matter (PM4), particle number concentration and particle size, particle morphology, chemical composition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production potential, and gaseous components. The mean particle number concentration at the BZ was 1.69E+06 particles cm(-3), with a mean geometric mean diameter of 45nm. On average across all subjects, 92% of the particle counts at the BZ were below 100nm. We observed elevated concentrations of tungsten, which was most likely due to electrode consumption. Mean ROS production potential of TIG welding fumes at the BZ exceeded average concentrations previously found in traffic-polluted air. Furthermore, ROS production potential was significantly higher for apprentices that burned their metal during their welding task. We recommend that future exposure assessments take into consideration welding performance as a potential exposure modifier for apprentice welders or welders with minimal training.

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学徒焊工产生的钨惰性气体(TIG)焊接烟雾的表征。
钨极惰性气体焊接(TIG)是工业上应用最广泛的金属连接工艺之一。它倾向于产生更大比例的纳米级焊接烟尘颗粒,对工人构成潜在的职业健康危害。然而,目前的文献缺乏对TIG焊烟尘颗粒的全面表征。对于缺乏焊接经验的焊接学徒所产生的焊接烟雾,人们所知甚少。我们对学徒焊工(N = 20)在通风暴露舱中产生的TIG焊烟进行了表征。在焊接头盔内的呼吸区(BZ)和距离焊接任务60cm的近场(NF)位置对每位学徒焊工进行暴露评估。我们表征了颗粒物(PM4)、颗粒数量、浓度和粒径、颗粒形态、化学成分、活性氧(ROS)生产势和气体成分。BZ的平均粒子数浓度为1.69E+06粒子cm(-3),平均几何平均直径为45nm。在所有受试者中,平均92%的BZ颗粒计数低于100nm。我们观察到钨的浓度升高,这很可能是由于电极消耗。BZ的TIG焊接烟雾的平均ROS产生潜力超过了以前在交通污染空气中发现的平均浓度。此外,在焊接过程中烧坏金属的学徒产生活性氧的可能性明显更高。我们建议未来的暴露评估应考虑到焊接性能作为学徒焊工或接受最少培训的焊工的潜在暴露调节剂。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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