Hypoplasia of the Spleen: Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Potential Clinical Implications.

Iswanto Sucandy, Harsha V Polavarapu, Christopher M Pezzi
{"title":"Hypoplasia of the Spleen: Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Potential Clinical Implications.","authors":"Iswanto Sucandy,&nbsp;Harsha V Polavarapu,&nbsp;Christopher M Pezzi","doi":"10.4103/1947-2714.163645","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Splenic aplasia is seen when the spleen is congenitally absent, has been surgically removed, or becomes atrophic secondary to episodes of arterial/venous occlusion, which result in splenic infarction. This rare condition is caused by a heterogenous group of diseases, which may present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Splenic hypoplasia is defined as reduction in splenic mass and or functions caused by incomplete splenic development or secondary parenchymal involution. Splenic infarction may be clinically silent and only discovered incidentally during abdominal exploration for other conditions.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present an unusual case of hypoplastic spleen with calcifications, which was preoperatively found during radiologic workup for gastric carcinoma. An 88-year-old woman presented with coffee-ground emesis. Her past medical history was only significant for atrial fibrillation. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated gastric carcinoma, for which a subtotal gastrectomy was planned. Preoperative computed tomography scan showed a hypoplastic spleen with calcifications in the left upper quadrant. Symptoms of immunologic deficiency were not present. During laparotomy, an atrophied and calcified spleen was identified and left in situ. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery. Splenic hypoplasia is an unique entity, which may be seen in the setting of atrial fibrillation and abdominal malignancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Splenic hypoplasia may be detected incidentally during radiologic workup or abdominal exploration. Abdominal symptoms or immunologic deficiency are not always present.</p>","PeriodicalId":19703,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/1a/NAJMS-7-368.PMC4561443.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"North American Journal of Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.163645","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Context: Splenic aplasia is seen when the spleen is congenitally absent, has been surgically removed, or becomes atrophic secondary to episodes of arterial/venous occlusion, which result in splenic infarction. This rare condition is caused by a heterogenous group of diseases, which may present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Splenic hypoplasia is defined as reduction in splenic mass and or functions caused by incomplete splenic development or secondary parenchymal involution. Splenic infarction may be clinically silent and only discovered incidentally during abdominal exploration for other conditions.

Case report: We present an unusual case of hypoplastic spleen with calcifications, which was preoperatively found during radiologic workup for gastric carcinoma. An 88-year-old woman presented with coffee-ground emesis. Her past medical history was only significant for atrial fibrillation. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated gastric carcinoma, for which a subtotal gastrectomy was planned. Preoperative computed tomography scan showed a hypoplastic spleen with calcifications in the left upper quadrant. Symptoms of immunologic deficiency were not present. During laparotomy, an atrophied and calcified spleen was identified and left in situ. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery. Splenic hypoplasia is an unique entity, which may be seen in the setting of atrial fibrillation and abdominal malignancy.

Conclusion: Splenic hypoplasia may be detected incidentally during radiologic workup or abdominal exploration. Abdominal symptoms or immunologic deficiency are not always present.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

脾发育不全:发病机制、诊断和潜在临床意义的综述。
背景:脾发育不全是指脾先天缺失、手术切除或因动脉/静脉闭塞导致脾梗死而萎缩。这种罕见的情况是由一组异质性的疾病引起的,这些疾病可能表现出广泛的临床表现。脾发育不全或继发性实质内陷导致脾脏体积和功能减少。脾梗死可能在临床上无症状,仅在其他情况下腹部探查时偶然发现。病例报告:我们报告一例不寻常的脾脏发育不全并钙化的病例,这是在术前胃癌的放射检查中发现的。一名88岁妇女因咖啡渣呕吐。她的既往病史只有心房颤动。食管胃十二指肠镜检查显示胃癌,计划行胃大部切除术。术前计算机断层扫描显示脾脏发育不全,左上象限有钙化。没有免疫缺陷的症状。在剖腹手术中,发现萎缩和钙化的脾脏并留在原位。病人术后恢复顺利。脾发育不全是一种独特的实体,它可以在房颤和腹部恶性肿瘤的背景下看到。结论:脾发育不全可在影像学检查或腹部探查时偶然发现。腹部症状或免疫缺陷并不总是存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信