Evidence that the Entamoeba histolytica Mitochondrial Carrier Family Links Mitosomal and Cytosolic Pathways through Exchange of 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate and ATP.

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-11-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-18 DOI:10.1128/EC.00130-15
Fumika Mi-ichi, Akira Nozawa, Hiroki Yoshida, Yuzuru Tozawa, Tomoyoshi Nozaki
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引用次数: 16

Abstract

Entamoeba histolytica, a microaerophilic protozoan parasite, possesses mitosomes. Mitosomes are mitochondrion-related organelles that have largely lost typical mitochondrial functions, such as those involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The biological roles of Entamoeba mitosomes have been a long-standing enigma. We previously demonstrated that sulfate activation, which is not generally compartmentalized to mitochondria, is a major function of E. histolytica mitosomes. Sulfate activation cooperates with cytosolic enzymes, i.e., sulfotransferases (SULTs), for the synthesis of sulfolipids, one of which is cholesteryl sulfate. Notably, cholesteryl sulfate plays an important role in encystation, an essential process in the Entamoeba life cycle. These findings identified a biological role for Entamoeba mitosomes; however, they simultaneously raised a new issue concerning how the reactions of the pathway, separated by the mitosomal membranes, cooperate. Here, we demonstrated that the E. histolytica mitochondrial carrier family (EhMCF) has the capacity to exchange 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) with ATP. We also confirmed the cytosolic localization of all the E. histolytica SULTs, suggesting that in Entamoeba, PAPS, which is produced through mitosomal sulfate activation, is translocated to the cytosol and becomes a substrate for SULTs. In contrast, ATP, which is produced through cytosolic pathways, is translocated into the mitosomes and is a necessary substrate for sulfate activation. Taking our findings collectively, we suggest that EhMCF functions as a PAPS/ATP antiporter and plays a crucial role in linking the mitosomal sulfate activation pathway to cytosolic SULTs for the production of sulfolipids.

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溶组织内阿米巴线粒体载体家族通过交换3'-磷酸腺苷- 5'-硫酸磷和ATP连接线粒体和细胞质途径的证据。
溶组织内阿米巴是一种嗜氧原生动物寄生虫,具有丝分裂体。有丝体是线粒体相关的细胞器,在很大程度上已经失去了典型的线粒体功能,例如参与三羧酸循环和氧化磷酸化的功能。内阿米巴有丝体的生物学作用一直是一个长期的谜。我们之前已经证明硫酸盐活化是溶组织芽胞杆菌丝粒体的主要功能,而硫酸盐活化通常不会被划分到线粒体中。硫酸盐活化与胞质酶,即硫代转移酶(SULTs)协同合成巯基脂,其中一种是硫酸胆固醇。值得注意的是,硫酸胆甾醇在内阿米巴原虫生命周期的重要过程中起着重要作用。这些发现确定了内阿米巴有丝体的生物学作用;然而,他们同时提出了一个新的问题,即被有丝分裂体膜分开的途径的反应如何合作。在这里,我们证明了E. histolytica线粒体载体家族(EhMCF)具有用ATP交换3'-磷酸腺苷5'-磷酸硫酸酯(PAPS)的能力。我们还证实了所有溶组织芽胞杆菌SULTs的胞质定位,这表明在内阿米巴原虫中,通过丝分裂体硫酸盐活化产生的PAPS被转移到胞质中,成为SULTs的底物。相反,通过细胞质途径产生的ATP转运到有丝体中,是硫酸盐活化的必要底物。综合我们的研究结果,我们认为EhMCF作为PAPS/ATP反转运蛋白,在连接丝分裂体硫酸盐激活途径和胞质SULTs产生硫酸脂方面起着至关重要的作用。
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来源期刊
Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell 生物-微生物学
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审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Eukaryotic Cell (EC) focuses on eukaryotic microbiology and presents reports of basic research on simple eukaryotic microorganisms, such as yeasts, fungi, algae, protozoa, and social amoebae. The journal also covers viruses of these organisms and their organelles and their interactions with other living systems, where the focus is on the eukaryotic cell. Topics include: - Basic biology - Molecular and cellular biology - Mechanisms, and control, of developmental pathways - Structure and form inherent in basic biological processes - Cellular architecture - Metabolic physiology - Comparative genomics, biochemistry, and evolution - Population dynamics - Ecology
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