[Effects of Soil Amendments on the Bacterial Diversity and Abundances of Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Rhizosphere Soil Under Drip Irrigation with Reclaimed Water].

Bing-Jian Cui, Er-Ping Cui, Chun-Cheng Liu, Chao Hu, Xiang-Yang Fan, Zhong-Yang Li, Feng Gao
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Due to reclaimed water, irrigation can cause human health and environmental risks. Soil amendments are applied to reveal the abundance of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in rhizosphere soil irrigated by reclaimed water and to better understand the effects of environmental factors on the rhizosphere soil bacterial composition, which has guiding significance for the reasonable use of soil amendments. In this study, the effects of biochar, bioorganic fertilizer, humic acid, loosening soil essence, and corn vinasse on bacterial community diversity and certain gene abundances in rhizosphere soil under drip irrigation with reclaimed water were studied using high-throughput assays and quantitative PCR. The results showed that biochar significantly increased pH, organic matter, and total nitrogen contents in the rhizosphere soil. The corn vinasse significantly decreased soil pH and increased the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus but significantly increased the soil EC value (P<0.05). The effects of the five soil amendments on the α-diversity of rhizosphere bacteria were not significantly different. The bacterial community structure and diversity of rhizosphere bacteria were similar at different taxonomic levels, but their relative abundance was different. α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Actinobacteria, Acidimicrobiia, and Anaerolineae were the dominant bacteria in all treatments. The dominant genera consisted of Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, Sphingomonas, Cellvibrio, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Flavobacterium, and Algoriphagus (relative abundance>1%). Correlation analysis of environmental factors showed that the composition of the rhizosphere bacterial community was strongly correlated with pH, EC, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus content. The abundances of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes were 103-107 copies·g-1 and 104-108 copies·g-1, respectively. There were significant differences in the detection levels of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. Bioorganic fertilizer, loosening soil essence, and corn vinasse significantly increased the abundances of some antibiotic resistance genes, whereas humic acid and corn vinasse significantly decreased the abundances of Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and total coliforms (P<0.05). A significant correlation was found between pathogens (Arcobacter, Bacillus cereus, Pantoea agglomerans, and Fecal bacteroidetes) and antibiotic resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetO, tetQ, sul1, ermB, and ermC). In conclusion, while monitoring pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in the agricultural environment under reclaimed water irrigation, attention should be paid to the rational application of soil amendments to avoid exacerbating the spread of biological contamination.

土壤改良剂对再生水滴灌根际土壤病原菌多样性、丰度及耐药基因的影响
由于使用再生水,灌溉会给人类健康和环境带来风险。应用土壤改良剂揭示再生水灌溉根际土壤中病原菌和抗生素抗性基因的丰度,更好地了解环境因子对根际土壤细菌组成的影响,对土壤改良剂的合理使用具有指导意义。本研究采用高通量检测和定量PCR技术,研究了再生水滴灌条件下生物炭、生物有机肥、腐植酸、松质土香精和玉米酒渣对根际土壤细菌群落多样性和部分基因丰度的影响。结果表明,生物炭显著提高了根际土壤pH、有机质和全氮含量。玉米酒糟显著降低了土壤pH值,提高了全氮和全磷含量,但显著提高了土壤EC值(根际细菌p α-多样性差异不显著)。根际细菌群落结构和多样性在不同分类水平上相似,但相对丰度不同。α-变形菌门、γ-变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、酸性微生物门和厌氧菌门是各处理的优势菌群。优势属为假单胞菌属、鞘单胞菌属、鞘单胞菌属、细胞弧菌属、异根菌属-新根菌属-副根菌属-根瘤菌属、黄杆菌属和褐藻菌属(相对丰度>1%)。环境因子相关分析表明,根际细菌群落组成与pH、EC、全氮、全磷含量呈显著正相关。病原菌丰度为103 ~ 107拷贝·g-1,耐药基因丰度为104 ~ 108拷贝·g-1。病原菌和耐药基因的检测水平差异有统计学意义。生物有机肥、松质土香精和玉米酒渣显著提高了部分耐药基因的丰度,腐植酸和玉米酒渣显著降低了丁香假单胞菌、番茄枯败菌、总大肠菌群(PArcobacter、蜡样芽孢杆菌、Pantoea agglomerans和粪便拟杆菌)和耐药基因(tetA、tetB、tetO、tetQ、sul1、ermB和ermC)的丰度。综上所述,在对再生水灌溉农业环境中病原菌和抗生素耐药基因进行监测的同时,应注意合理施用土壤改良剂,避免加剧生物污染的蔓延。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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