Role of laporoscopy-hysteroscopy in cases of infertility with pregnancy outcome.

Abstract

The study aims to analyse the role of hysteroscopy-laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of infertility with effect on pregnancy outcome. The study group comprised 200 patients of 20-30 years age (125 with primary and 75 with secondary infertility). Hysterosalpingography (HSG) was done in all. Diagnostic as well as operative hysteroscopy-laparoscopy if required were performed in the same sitting in cases who have already been treated for 6 months and did not conceive, with unexplained cause or with abnormal HSG findings. All cases were followed up till they conceived or up to 1 year. Fifty patients of unexplained infertility were used as control and given only folic acid 5 mg/day. HSG was normal in 102/200 (51%) and abnormal in 98/200 (49%) cases in form of fimbrial block in 48 (48.97%) out of 98, cornual block 25 (25.51%), peritubal adhesions 15 (15.31%), filling defect in uterus 10 cases (10.20%). Hysteroscopy was abnormal in 150/200 cases (75%) with uterine synechiae 58 (38.66%) out of 150, endometrial hypertrophy 22 (14.67%), endometrial polyps 20 (13.33%), submucus fibroids 20 (13.33%), atrophy 25 (16.66%) and malformations 5 (3.33%). Hysteroscopy surgery was performed in 70 (46.66%), alone in 14 and with laparoscopic procedures in 56 cases, with subsequent pregnancy rate of 35.71-42%. HSG missed the abnormalities in 58 cases (38.66%) which were diagnosed with hysteroscopy with difference in findings in 58 cases (38.66%). Operative laparoscopy was performed in 140 cases (70%), divided between adhesiolysis in 38(27.14%), tubal surgery in 53 (37.86%), electrocoagulation or excision of endometriotic nodule in 25(17.86%) and ovarian drilling for polycystic ovarian disease in 24(17.14%). The HSG missed 30(20%) abnormal tubal and peritubal findings which were diagnosed with laparoscopy. All cases were followed for one year. Subsequent pregnancy rate was 64 (45.71%) after laparoscopic surgery. The results were analysed by applying Chi-square test and calculating p-value at 1 df. Hysteroscopy-laparoscopy is diagnostic and therapeutic both for uterine, tubal infertility and ovarian abnormalities. They give an advantage in diagnosis and treatment of female infertility at the same sitting. As compared to HSG, it is more accurate in 25% cases and improves the rate of pregnancy to 35%-45% almost comparable to 56.52% in cases with normal hysteroscopy-laparoscopy findings.