Ion binding to biological macromolecules.

Marharyta Petukh, Emil Alexov
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Abstract

Biological macromolecules carry out their functions in water and in the presence of ions. The ions can bind to the macromolecules either specifically or non-specifically, or can simply to be a part of the water phase providing physiological gradient across various membranes. This review outlines the differences between specific and non-specific ion binding in terms of the function and stability of the corresponding macromolecules. Furthermore, the experimental techniques to identify ion positions and computational methods to predict ion binding are reviewed and their advantages compared. It is indicated that specifically bound ions are relatively easier to be revealed while non-specifically associated ions are difficult to predict. In addition, the binding and the residential time of non-specifically bound ions are very much sensitive to the environmental factors in the cells, specifically to the local pH and ion concentration. Since these characteristics differ among the cellular compartments, the non-specific ion binding must be investigated with respect to the sub-cellular localization of the corresponding macromolecule.

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离子与生物大分子的结合。
生物大分子在水中和离子存在的情况下发挥其功能。离子可以特异性或非特异性地与大分子结合,也可以只是水相的一部分,在各种膜上提供生理梯度。本综述概述了特异性和非特异性离子结合在相应大分子的功能和稳定性方面的差异。此外,还回顾了确定离子位置的实验技术和预测离子结合的计算方法,并比较了它们的优势。结果表明,特异性结合的离子相对更容易被揭示,而非特异性结合的离子则难以预测。此外,非特异性结合离子的结合和停留时间对细胞内的环境因素非常敏感,特别是对局部 pH 值和离子浓度。由于不同细胞区的这些特征各不相同,因此必须根据相应大分子的亚细胞定位来研究非特异性离子结合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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