Immune regulation and evasion of Mammalian host cell immunity during viral infection.

Indian Journal of Virology Pub Date : 2013-06-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-15 DOI:10.1007/s13337-013-0130-7
B M Pratheek, Soham Saha, Prasanta K Maiti, Soma Chattopadhyay, Subhasis Chattopadhyay
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

The mammalian host immune system has wide array of defence mechanisms against viral infections. Depending on host immunity and the extent of viral persistence, either the host immune cells might clear/restrict the viral load and disease progression or the virus might evade host immunity by down regulating host immune effector response(s). Viral antigen processing and presentation in the host cells through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) elicit subsequent anti-viral effector T cell response(s). However, modulation of such response(s) might generate one of the important viral immune evasion strategies. Viral peptides are mostly generated by proteolytic cleavage in the cytosol of the infected host cells. CD8(+) T lymphocytes play critical role in the detection of viral infection by recognizing these peptides displayed at the plasma membrane by MHC-I molecules. The present review summarises the current knowledge on the regulation of mammalian host innate and adaptive immune components, which are operative in defence mechanisms against viral infections and the variety of strategies that viruses have evolved to escape host cell immunity. The understanding of viral immune evasion strategies is important for designing anti-viral immunotherapies.

病毒感染过程中哺乳动物宿主细胞免疫的免疫调节和逃避。
哺乳动物宿主免疫系统具有广泛的防御病毒感染的机制。根据宿主免疫和病毒持续的程度,宿主免疫细胞可能清除/限制病毒载量和疾病进展,或者病毒可能通过下调宿主免疫效应反应来逃避宿主免疫。病毒抗原通过主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)在宿主细胞中加工和提呈,引发随后的抗病毒效应T细胞反应。然而,这种反应的调节可能会产生一种重要的病毒免疫逃避策略。病毒肽主要是在被感染宿主细胞的细胞质中通过蛋白水解裂解产生的。CD8(+) T淋巴细胞通过识别MHC-I分子在质膜上显示的肽,在病毒感染的检测中发挥关键作用。本文综述了哺乳动物宿主先天免疫和适应性免疫成分的调控,这些成分在病毒感染的防御机制中起作用,以及病毒为逃避宿主细胞免疫而进化出的各种策略。了解病毒免疫逃避策略对设计抗病毒免疫疗法具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Indian Journal of Virology
Indian Journal of Virology 医学-病毒学
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审稿时长
6-12 weeks
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