The properties, functions, and use of selenium compounds in living organisms.

Abstract

Selenium occurs in the environment in inorganic and organic compounds. For many years it was regarded as a toxic element, causing numerous illnesses and diseases. But research in the past 50 years has revealed a "bright side" to this element, especially as a component of selenoproteins, selenium makes a significant contribution to the health of humans and animals. The selenium content in an organism depends on its concentration and bioavailability in the soil, and the differences between its deficiency, appropriate intake, and excess are very slight. This article gathers information from the literature on: • the consequences of a deficiency and an excess of selenium in the body, as well as the health-promoting mechanisms of selenium, including the functions of selenoproteins • the uptake and transformation of selenium compounds by plants, because of the fact that selenium is better assimilated from plant food and also the classification of plants with respect to their ability to take up selenium from the soil and to accumulate it.