Anatomy of the temporal lobe.

Epilepsy research and treatment Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-29 DOI:10.1155/2012/176157
J A Kiernan
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引用次数: 139

Abstract

Only primates have temporal lobes, which are largest in man, accommodating 17% of the cerebral cortex and including areas with auditory, olfactory, vestibular, visual and linguistic functions. The hippocampal formation, on the medial side of the lobe, includes the parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and associated white matter, notably the fimbria, whose fibres continue into the fornix. The hippocampus is an inrolled gyrus that bulges into the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. Association fibres connect all parts of the cerebral cortex with the parahippocampal gyrus and subiculum, which in turn project to the dentate gyrus. The largest efferent projection of the subiculum and hippocampus is through the fornix to the hypothalamus. The choroid fissure, alongside the fimbria, separates the temporal lobe from the optic tract, hypothalamus and midbrain. The amygdala comprises several nuclei on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe, mostly anterior the hippocampus and indenting the tip of the temporal horn. The amygdala receives input from the olfactory bulb and from association cortex for other modalities of sensation. Its major projections are to the septal area and prefrontal cortex, mediating emotional responses to sensory stimuli. The temporal lobe contains much subcortical white matter, with such named bundles as the anterior commissure, arcuate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus, and Meyer's loop of the geniculocalcarine tract. This article also reviews arterial supply, venous drainage, and anatomical relations of the temporal lobe to adjacent intracranial and tympanic structures.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

颞叶解剖。
只有灵长类动物有人类最大的颞叶,占大脑皮层的17%,包括听觉、嗅觉、前庭、视觉和语言功能的区域。位于脑叶内侧的海马体结构包括海马旁回、枕下回、海马体、齿状回和相关的白质,尤其是纤维延伸至穹窿的皮层。海马体是侧脑室颞角的一个受累回。联想纤维将大脑皮层的所有部分与海马旁回和下带连接起来,后者又投射到齿状回。耻骨下和海马最大的传出投射是通过穹窿到下丘脑。脉络膜裂在膜旁,将颞叶与视束、下丘脑和中脑分开。杏仁核由颞叶内侧的几个核组成,主要位于海马前部和颞角尖端。杏仁核接收来自嗅球和联合皮层的输入,以获得其他形式的感觉。其主要投射到间隔区和前额叶皮层,介导对感官刺激的情绪反应。颞叶含有大量皮质下白质,包括前连合、弓形束、下纵束和钩状束等束,以及膝局部隆束的迈耶氏袢。本文还回顾了动脉供应、静脉引流以及颞叶与邻近颅内和鼓室结构的解剖关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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