Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Sowmya Krishnan MD , David A. Fields PhD , Kenneth C. Copeland MD , Piers R. Blackett MD , Michael P. Anderson PhD , Andrew W. Gardner PhD
{"title":"Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes","authors":"Sowmya Krishnan MD ,&nbsp;David A. Fields PhD ,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Copeland MD ,&nbsp;Piers R. Blackett MD ,&nbsp;Michael P. Anderson PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew W. Gardner PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.05.003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Cardiovascular disease is seen at a younger age and at a higher prevalence in patients with </span>type 1 diabetes<span> than in the general population. It is well described that women with type 1 diabetes have a higher relative risk of cardiovascular disease than men with type 1 diabetes, unlike that seen in the general population. The pathophysiology behind this is unknown.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We performed a cross-sectional study to examine sex differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes between ages 13 and 20 years, compared with children of a similar age without type 1 diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>All patients underwent a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure body composition and a </span>pulse wave test measure of arterial elasticity. Fasting serum lipid levels, </span>apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein C-III levels were measured in each patient. Twenty-nine children with type 1 diabetes (10 girls, 19 boys) and 37 healthy children (18 girls, 19 boys) participated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Although no sex differences for body mass index (</span><em>P</em><span> = 0.91) and glycosylated hemoglobin (</span><em>P</em> = 0.69) were seen, girls with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher percent trunk fat compared with boys (<em>P</em> = 0.004). No sex differences were found (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) for percent trunk fat in adolescents without diabetes. There was no sex difference among any other cardiovascular risk factors in either children with or without diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Female adolescents with type 1 diabetes have more centrally distributed fat, which may contribute to their relatively higher cardiovascular disease risk. Attenuation of the central distribution of fat through exercise and dietary modifications may help ameliorate their subsequent cardiovascular disease burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 4","pages":"Pages 251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.05.003","citationCount":"18","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Gender Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550857912001210","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18

Abstract

Background

Cardiovascular disease is seen at a younger age and at a higher prevalence in patients with type 1 diabetes than in the general population. It is well described that women with type 1 diabetes have a higher relative risk of cardiovascular disease than men with type 1 diabetes, unlike that seen in the general population. The pathophysiology behind this is unknown.

Objective

We performed a cross-sectional study to examine sex differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes between ages 13 and 20 years, compared with children of a similar age without type 1 diabetes.

Methods

All patients underwent a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure body composition and a pulse wave test measure of arterial elasticity. Fasting serum lipid levels, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein C-III levels were measured in each patient. Twenty-nine children with type 1 diabetes (10 girls, 19 boys) and 37 healthy children (18 girls, 19 boys) participated.

Results

Although no sex differences for body mass index (P = 0.91) and glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.69) were seen, girls with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher percent trunk fat compared with boys (P = 0.004). No sex differences were found (P > 0.05) for percent trunk fat in adolescents without diabetes. There was no sex difference among any other cardiovascular risk factors in either children with or without diabetes.

Conclusions

Female adolescents with type 1 diabetes have more centrally distributed fat, which may contribute to their relatively higher cardiovascular disease risk. Attenuation of the central distribution of fat through exercise and dietary modifications may help ameliorate their subsequent cardiovascular disease burden.

青少年1型糖尿病患者心血管疾病风险的性别差异
背景:与一般人群相比,1型糖尿病患者出现心血管疾病的年龄更小,患病率更高。与一般人群不同,女性1型糖尿病患者患心血管疾病的相对风险高于男性1型糖尿病患者。这背后的病理生理机制尚不清楚。目的:我们进行了一项横断面研究,以检查13 - 20岁1型糖尿病青少年与同龄无1型糖尿病儿童在心血管疾病危险因素方面的性别差异。方法所有患者均行双能x线吸收仪扫描测量身体成分,脉搏波测试测量动脉弹性。测定每位患者的空腹血脂水平、载脂蛋白B和载脂蛋白C-III水平。29名1型糖尿病儿童(10名女孩,19名男孩)和37名健康儿童(18名女孩,19名男孩)参与了研究。结果1型糖尿病女生的身体质量指数(P = 0.91)和糖化血红蛋白(P = 0.69)无性别差异,但躯干脂肪比例明显高于男生(P = 0.004)。没有发现性别差异(P >无糖尿病青少年躯干脂肪的比例为0.05)。在患有或不患有糖尿病的儿童中,没有任何其他心血管危险因素的性别差异。结论女性青少年1型糖尿病患者脂肪集中分布较多,可能是其心血管疾病风险较高的原因之一。通过运动和饮食调整来减少脂肪的中心分布可能有助于减轻他们随后的心血管疾病负担。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Gender Medicine
Gender Medicine 医学-医学:内科
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信