[Judging reliably. Medical authority and the ability to discriminate between the clean and the unclean].

Fritz Dross
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Abstract

The article aims to explore the physicians' role at the Nuremberg "Sondersiechenalmosen" in the 15th and 16th centuries. Special attention is given to the question as to how the city's physicians, who claimed expert status superior to other healers and who had special authority to advise the authorities in keeping the city clean and healthy, declared and explained their problems in connection with the "examen leprosorum" on the occasion of the "Sondersiechenschau". From 1394 the city had opened its gates for three days in Holy Week leading up to Easter to offer clerical assistance, food and shelter to foreign lepers. This meant that people were cared for who would not usually have been admitted because they were foreigners as well as being leprous. The physicians' task within that charity was to discriminate between the leprous and foreign beggars, a task which caused serious problems when, in the 16th century, at times two thousand and more foreigners entered the imperial city during Holy Week. When, in 1571, the Nuremberg physician Kammermeister proposed to establish a "Collegium Medicum" in the city of Nuremberg, he described the procedure extensively. The authorities ignored the initial claim to establish a "Collegium Medicum" but requested each academically trained physician of the city to give a personal statement on the physicians' ability to seriously judge the foreigners who claimed to be leprous. Based primarily on these statements, the article hopes to shed some light on the Nuremberg "Sondersiechenalmosen", on the "examen leprosorum", and on the relation between medical judgement and medical authority in general.

(可靠地判断。医学权威和区分洁净和不洁净的能力]。
本文旨在探讨医生在15世纪和16世纪纽伦堡“Sondersiechenalmosen”中的作用。特别值得注意的问题是,该市的医生自称比其他医生更有专家地位,在保持城市清洁和健康方面拥有向当局提供咨询意见的特别权力,他们是如何在"Sondersiechenschau"的场合宣布和解释他们与" lebel "有关的问题的。从1394年开始,这座城市在复活节前的圣周开放三天大门,为外国麻风病人提供宗教援助、食物和住所。这意味着那些通常不会被接纳的人得到了照顾,因为他们是外国人,而且患有麻风。在这个慈善机构中,医生的任务是区分麻风病人和外国乞丐,这一任务造成了严重的问题,在16世纪,圣周期间,有时有2000多名外国人进入皇城。1571年,纽伦堡医生卡默迈斯特(Kammermeister)提议在纽伦堡市建立一所“医学学院”(Collegium Medicum)时,他详细描述了这一过程。当局无视最初建立“医学学院”的主张,但要求该市每一位受过学术训练的医生发表个人声明,说明他们有能力认真判断声称患有麻风病的外国人。本文主要基于这些陈述,希望对纽伦堡“Sondersiechenalmosen”、“检查麻风病”以及医学判断与一般医学权威之间的关系有所了解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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