Plant molecular phylogeography in China and adjacent regions: Tracing the genetic imprints of Quaternary climate and environmental change in the world’s most diverse temperate flora

IF 3.6 1区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Ying-Xiong Qiu , Cheng-Xing Fu , Hans Peter Comes
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引用次数: 671

Abstract

The Sino-Japanese Floristic Region (SJFR) of East Asia harbors the most diverse of the world’s temperate flora, and was the most important glacial refuge for its Tertiary representatives (‘relics’) throughout Quaternary ice-age cycles. A steadily increasing number of phylogeographic studies in the SJFR of mainland China and adjacent areas, including the Qinghai–Tibetan-Plateau (QTP) and Sino-Himalayan region, have documented the population histories of temperate plant species in these regions. Here we review this current literature that challenges the oft-stated view of the SJFR as a glacial sanctuary for temperate plants, instead revealing profound effects of Quaternary changes in climate, topography, and/or sea level on the current genetic structure of such organisms. There are three recurrent phylogeographic scenarios identified by different case studies that broadly agree with longstanding biogeographic or palaeo-ecological hypotheses: (i) postglacial re-colonization of the QTP from (south-)eastern glacial refugia; (ii) population isolation and endemic species formation in Southwest China due to tectonic shifts and river course dynamics; and (iii) long-term isolation and species survival in multiple localized refugia of (warm-)temperate deciduous forest habitats in subtropical (Central/East/South) China. However, in four additional instances, phylogeographic findings seem to conflict with a priori predictions raised by palaeo-data, suggesting instead: (iv) glacial in situ survival of some hardy alpine herbs and forest trees on the QTP platform itself; (v) long-term refugial isolation of (warm-)temperate evergreen taxa in subtropical China; (vi) ‘cryptic’ glacial survival of (cool-)temperate deciduous forest trees in North China; and (vii) unexpectedly deep (Late Tertiary/early-to-mid Pleistocene) allopatric-vicariant differentiation of disjunct lineages in the East China-Japan-Korea region due to past sea transgressions. We discuss these and other consequences of the main phylogeographic findings in light of palaeo-environmental evidence, emphasize notable gaps in our knowledge, and outline future research prospects for disentangling the evolution and biogeographic history of the region’s extremely diverse temperate flora.

中国及邻区植物分子系统地理学:在世界最多样化的温带植物区系中追踪第四纪气候和环境变化的遗传印记
东亚中日植物区系(SJFR)是世界温带植物区系最多样化的地区,也是第四纪冰期中第三纪代表(“遗迹”)最重要的冰川避难所。在中国大陆及邻近地区,包括青藏高原和中国-喜马拉雅地区,越来越多的系统地理学研究记录了这些地区温带植物物种的种群历史。在这里,我们回顾了当前的文献,这些文献挑战了SJFR作为温带植物的冰川保护区的观点,而不是揭示第四纪气候,地形和/或海平面变化对这些生物当前遗传结构的深刻影响。不同的案例研究确定了三种反复出现的系统地理情景,这些情景与长期存在的生物地理学或古生态学假设大致一致:(i)冰川后东部(东南)冰川避难所的QTP再殖民化;(ii)构造移动和河道动态导致的西南地区种群隔离和特有物种形成;(iii)中国亚热带(中/东/南)(暖)温带落叶林生境在多个局部避难所中的长期隔离和物种生存。然而,在另外四个实例中,系统地理学发现似乎与古数据提出的先验预测相冲突,相反表明:(iv)一些耐寒的高山草本植物和森林树木在QTP平台本身的冰川原位生存;(5)中国亚热带(暖)温带常绿类群的长期避难隔离;(vi)中国北方(冷)温带落叶森林树木的“隐”冰川生存;(7)由于过去的海侵,中国-日本-朝鲜东部地区断裂谱系的异源-替代分化异常深(晚第三纪/早-中更新世)。我们根据古环境证据讨论了这些和其他主要系统地理学发现的结果,强调了我们在知识上的显著差距,并概述了未来研究的前景,以解开该地区极其多样化的温带植物群的进化和生物地理历史。
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来源期刊
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
249
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is dedicated to bringing Darwin''s dream within grasp - to "have fairly true genealogical trees of each great kingdom of Nature." The journal provides a forum for molecular studies that advance our understanding of phylogeny and evolution, further the development of phylogenetically more accurate taxonomic classifications, and ultimately bring a unified classification for all the ramifying lines of life. Phylogeographic studies will be considered for publication if they offer EXCEPTIONAL theoretical or empirical advances.
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