Dynamics of histone lysine methylation: structures of methyl writers and erasers.

Anup K Upadhyay, Xiaodong Cheng
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引用次数: 60

Abstract

In Eukarya, the packaging of DNA into chromatin provides a barrier that allows for regulation of access to the genome. Chromatin is refractory to processes acting on DNA. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling machines and histone-modifying complexes can overcome this barrier (or strengthen it in silencing processes). Both components of chromatin (DNA and histones) are subject to postsynthetic covalent modifications, including methylation of lysines (the focus of this chapter). These lysine marks are generated by a host of histone lysine methyltransferases (writers) and can be removed by histone lysine demethylases (erasers). Importantly, epigenetic modifications impact chromatin structure directly or can be read by effector regulatory modules. Here, we summarize current knowledge on structural and functional properties of various histone lysine methyltransfereases and demethylases, with emphasis on their importance as druggable targets.

组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化动力学:甲基书写和甲基擦除的结构。
在真核生物中,将DNA包装成染色质提供了一个屏障,允许对基因组的访问进行调节。染色质对作用于DNA的过程是不耐受的。依赖atp的染色质重塑机器和组蛋白修饰复合物可以克服这一屏障(或在沉默过程中加强它)。染色质的两个组成部分(DNA和组蛋白)都受到合成后共价修饰的影响,包括赖氨酸的甲基化(本章的重点)。这些赖氨酸标记是由一系列组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶(写入酶)产生的,可以被组蛋白赖氨酸去甲基化酶(擦除酶)去除。重要的是,表观遗传修饰直接影响染色质结构或可以被效应调控模块读取。在这里,我们总结了目前关于各种组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶的结构和功能特性的知识,重点介绍了它们作为药物靶点的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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