[Sodium and arterial hypertension --one hundred years of controversies].

Abstract

Sodium chloride (salt) plays a role in the development and maintenance of high blood pressure (25% of the normotensive population are called sodium sensitive and 50% of the hypertensive people would present a significative decrease either of their blood pressure when low salt diet is applied) or of cardiovascular complications, but also of other diseases (obesity, osteoporosis, kidney stones, cancer,...) The regulation of salt balance is played by the kidneys, the function of which can be genetically (more rarely) or secondarily acquired (most often) disturbed. Salt restriction (maximum 5-6 g/d) with higher potassium intake, is now recommended. This can easier allow the lowering of the blood pressure, especially in resistant forms of hypertension. Proposed to everybody, even normotensive, it could be beneficial reducing the trend of blood pressure increase with age, but also the burden of cardiovascular complications and promoting general health. For reaching these objectives, this reduction in salt consumption needs motivated and well educated people, well labelled food products about salt content and the apprppriate help of food industries.