Torsion distale fémorale du genou : comparaison de la mesure par tomodensitométrie et par navigation peropératoire au cours des arthroplasties totales de genou
B. Galaud , P. Beaufils , M. Michaut , P. Abadie , L. Fallet , P. Boisrenoult
{"title":"Torsion distale fémorale du genou : comparaison de la mesure par tomodensitométrie et par navigation peropératoire au cours des arthroplasties totales de genou","authors":"B. Galaud , P. Beaufils , M. Michaut , P. Abadie , L. Fallet , P. Boisrenoult","doi":"10.1016/j.rco.2008.03.039","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>La rotation de la pièce fémorale au cours d’une arthroplastie totale de genou, dans une stratégie à coupe indépendante, cherche à « corriger » la torsion épiphysaire distale fémorale, angle entre l’axe bicondylien postérieur et l’axe transépicondylien, pour que l’axe bicondylien postérieur de la prothèse soit parallèle à l’axe transépicondylien. Or la torsion fémorale distale présente d’importantes variations individuelles qui interdisent l’utilisation d’un ancillaire à rotation standardisée. Le repérage peropératoire de la ligne transépicondylienne permettrait d’adapter la rotation, à condition que cette ligne soit repérée de façon fiable. Le but de notre étude a été de déterminer la fiabilité du repérage de l’axe transépicondylien grâce à la navigation peropératoire et de le comparer au scanner préopératoire. L’étude prospective a porté sur 70 genoux arthrosiques ayant subi une arthroplastie totale de genou. L’angle de torsion mesuré au scanner préopératoire a été comparé à l’angle mesuré en navigation après repérage peropératoire de l’axe transépicondylien et de l’axe bicondylien postérieur. L’analyse statistique a utilisé des courbes de régression. La torsion épiphysaire mesurée au scanner était de 6,9°<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2,9° et la torsion épiphysaire naviguée était de 3°<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4,3°. Il n’existait pas de corrélation statistique entre la torsion épiphysaire mesurée au scanner et par navigation en peropératoire (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0,011). Le repérage peropératoire de l’axe transépicondylien n’est pas fiable. La navigation ne permet pas de déterminer la torsion épiphysaire distale du fémur et ne permet donc pas de déterminer en peropératoire la rotation à donner à la pièce fémorale. Le seul moyen fiable de mesurer la torsion épiphysaire distale du fémur demeure le scanner préopératoire.</p></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Proper positioning of the prosthesis components in total knee arthroplasty is an important factor for satisfactory outcomes such as mobility, pain and wear. If an independent cutting technique is performed, rotational alignment of the femoral component should adapt patient's specific anatomy. The distal epiphyseal femoral torsion (DEFT) is adjusted in order to align the prosthetic posterior condylar axis along the bone transepicondylar axis. The DEFT presents a high rate of interindividual variations. Computed tomography scanning produces reliable and reproducible measurement of the epiphyseal torsion, but this requires additional procedure. We therefore used intraoperative computed navigation for DEFT measurement, thus accurately adapting each patient's epiphyseal torsion during the procedure, without resorting to the preoperative CT scan.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>This prospective study included 70 patients with arthritic knees who underwent TKA. Mean patient age was 74 years old. There were 52 women, 35 right knees, 33 genu varum, 19 genu valgum, 18 normal knees. DEFT was determined by preoperative CT scan, using the Yoshioka angle referencing.</p><p>Distal epiphyseal femoral torsion measurement was carried out using the Navitrack<sup>®</sup> system (Orthosoft). The DEFT was the navigated measured angle between the transepicondylar axis and the posterior condylar axis manually located and digitized with an optically tracked stylus. The navigation system was therefore used as a simple digital measurement device to evaluate the distal epiphyseal femoral torsion. We had established the reference transepicondylar axis as the line connecting the prominence of the medial and lateral epicondyles. During the procedure, we also carried out computer-assisted measurement of HKA axis in full extension and at 90° of knee flexion. Correlation between the navigated HKA in full extension and HKA measured on the preoperative pangonogram (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.621) demonstrated a high reliability of the navigation system in the frontal plane.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was no correlation between the mean epiphyseal torsion determined with computer navigation and the epiphyseal torsion measured on the CT scan (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.09). Significant interindividual variations were reported.</p><p>Navigated HKA at 90° of knee flexion was not correlated with navigated HKA in full extension (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.398) nor with epiphyseal torsion measured on the CT scan (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.063). Results demonstrated a major interindividual variation.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our results report a large variability in distal epiphyseal femoral torsion measured with CT scan. Moreover, computed navigation does not provide a reliable and reproducible evaluation of the epiphyseal torsion. Due to inaccurate identification of femoral epicondyles, the related navigated measurement is not considered to be reliable and reproducible. Navigated HKA at 90° of knee flexion is not a fair indirect reflection of epiphyseal torsion.</p><p>Computer-assisted navigation fails to provide direct or indirect, reliable and reproducible intraoperative measurement of distal epiphyseal femoral torsion. Preoperative CT scan is the only reliable method to produce accurate measurement of distal epiphyseal femoral torsion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76468,"journal":{"name":"Revue de chirurgie orthopedique et reparatrice de l'appareil moteur","volume":"94 6","pages":"Pages 573-579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rco.2008.03.039","citationCount":"49","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Revue de chirurgie orthopedique et reparatrice de l'appareil moteur","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0035104008001827","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
Abstract
La rotation de la pièce fémorale au cours d’une arthroplastie totale de genou, dans une stratégie à coupe indépendante, cherche à « corriger » la torsion épiphysaire distale fémorale, angle entre l’axe bicondylien postérieur et l’axe transépicondylien, pour que l’axe bicondylien postérieur de la prothèse soit parallèle à l’axe transépicondylien. Or la torsion fémorale distale présente d’importantes variations individuelles qui interdisent l’utilisation d’un ancillaire à rotation standardisée. Le repérage peropératoire de la ligne transépicondylienne permettrait d’adapter la rotation, à condition que cette ligne soit repérée de façon fiable. Le but de notre étude a été de déterminer la fiabilité du repérage de l’axe transépicondylien grâce à la navigation peropératoire et de le comparer au scanner préopératoire. L’étude prospective a porté sur 70 genoux arthrosiques ayant subi une arthroplastie totale de genou. L’angle de torsion mesuré au scanner préopératoire a été comparé à l’angle mesuré en navigation après repérage peropératoire de l’axe transépicondylien et de l’axe bicondylien postérieur. L’analyse statistique a utilisé des courbes de régression. La torsion épiphysaire mesurée au scanner était de 6,9° ± 2,9° et la torsion épiphysaire naviguée était de 3° ± 4,3°. Il n’existait pas de corrélation statistique entre la torsion épiphysaire mesurée au scanner et par navigation en peropératoire (p = 0,011). Le repérage peropératoire de l’axe transépicondylien n’est pas fiable. La navigation ne permet pas de déterminer la torsion épiphysaire distale du fémur et ne permet donc pas de déterminer en peropératoire la rotation à donner à la pièce fémorale. Le seul moyen fiable de mesurer la torsion épiphysaire distale du fémur demeure le scanner préopératoire.
Introduction
Proper positioning of the prosthesis components in total knee arthroplasty is an important factor for satisfactory outcomes such as mobility, pain and wear. If an independent cutting technique is performed, rotational alignment of the femoral component should adapt patient's specific anatomy. The distal epiphyseal femoral torsion (DEFT) is adjusted in order to align the prosthetic posterior condylar axis along the bone transepicondylar axis. The DEFT presents a high rate of interindividual variations. Computed tomography scanning produces reliable and reproducible measurement of the epiphyseal torsion, but this requires additional procedure. We therefore used intraoperative computed navigation for DEFT measurement, thus accurately adapting each patient's epiphyseal torsion during the procedure, without resorting to the preoperative CT scan.
Material and methods
This prospective study included 70 patients with arthritic knees who underwent TKA. Mean patient age was 74 years old. There were 52 women, 35 right knees, 33 genu varum, 19 genu valgum, 18 normal knees. DEFT was determined by preoperative CT scan, using the Yoshioka angle referencing.
Distal epiphyseal femoral torsion measurement was carried out using the Navitrack® system (Orthosoft). The DEFT was the navigated measured angle between the transepicondylar axis and the posterior condylar axis manually located and digitized with an optically tracked stylus. The navigation system was therefore used as a simple digital measurement device to evaluate the distal epiphyseal femoral torsion. We had established the reference transepicondylar axis as the line connecting the prominence of the medial and lateral epicondyles. During the procedure, we also carried out computer-assisted measurement of HKA axis in full extension and at 90° of knee flexion. Correlation between the navigated HKA in full extension and HKA measured on the preoperative pangonogram (R2 = 0.621) demonstrated a high reliability of the navigation system in the frontal plane.
Results
There was no correlation between the mean epiphyseal torsion determined with computer navigation and the epiphyseal torsion measured on the CT scan (R2 = 0.09). Significant interindividual variations were reported.
Navigated HKA at 90° of knee flexion was not correlated with navigated HKA in full extension (R2 = 0.398) nor with epiphyseal torsion measured on the CT scan (R2 = 0.063). Results demonstrated a major interindividual variation.
Discussion
Our results report a large variability in distal epiphyseal femoral torsion measured with CT scan. Moreover, computed navigation does not provide a reliable and reproducible evaluation of the epiphyseal torsion. Due to inaccurate identification of femoral epicondyles, the related navigated measurement is not considered to be reliable and reproducible. Navigated HKA at 90° of knee flexion is not a fair indirect reflection of epiphyseal torsion.
Computer-assisted navigation fails to provide direct or indirect, reliable and reproducible intraoperative measurement of distal epiphyseal femoral torsion. Preoperative CT scan is the only reliable method to produce accurate measurement of distal epiphyseal femoral torsion.
然而,远端股骨扭转有相当大的个体差异,因此不允许使用标准化的旋转支架。术中经上髁线的定位可以使旋转适应,只要这条线被可靠地定位。我们研究的目的是确定通过术中导航定位经上髁轴的可靠性,并将其与术前扫描仪进行比较。这项前瞻性研究包括70个接受全膝关节置换术的关节膝关节。术前扫描仪测量的扭转角与术前经上髁轴和双髁后轴定位后导航测量的扭转角进行比较。统计分析采用回归曲线。扫描测量的骨骺扭转为6.9°±2.9°,导航骨骺扭转为3°±4.3°。扫描和术中导航测量的骨骺扭转无统计学相关性(p = 0.011)。术中经髁突轴的定位是不可靠的。导航不能确定股骨远端骨骺扭转,因此不能确定术中给予股骨的旋转。测量股骨远端骨骺扭转的唯一可靠方法是术前扫描仪。在全膝关节置换术中,假体部件的正确定位是获得活动能力、疼痛和磨损等满意结果的重要因素。如果进行独立的切割技术,股骨成分的旋转对齐应适应患者的特定解剖结构。远端(The epiphyseal femoral无捻(DEFT) is in order to The prosthetic align后condylar axis马勒bone transepicondylar axis。= =地理根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积是,其中土地和(1.1%)水。计算机断层扫描可以产生可靠和可重复的附生扭转测量,但这需要额外的程序。因此,我们使用术中计算机导航进行深度测量,从而在手术过程中准确适应每个患者的附睾扭转,而不需要重新吸收术前CT扫描。材料和方法前瞻性研究包括70例接受TKA的关节炎膝关节患者。平均患者年龄74岁。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积为,其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积为,其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。使用Navitrack®系统(Orthosoft)进行远端epiphyseal股骨扭转测量。DEFT was The navigated四旬between The transepicondylar axis and The角后condylar axis manually located and with an optically digitized他们stylus。The navigation system was简单所以used as a digital计量设备订立《远端epiphyseal femoral捻。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的面积为。在这个过程中,我们还进行了计算机辅助测量HKA轴的完全伸展和膝关节屈曲90°。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,该地区的总面积为,其中土地和(2.5%)水。结果计算机导航测得的平均附睾扭转与CT扫描测得的附睾扭转无相关性(R2 = 0.09)。据报道,个体间存在显著差异。在CT扫描中测量到的膝关节屈曲90°处的导航HKA与完全伸展处的导航HKA (R2 = 0.398)或上叶扭转处的导航HKA (R2 = 0.063)不相关。结果表明存在较大的个体间变异。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的面积为,其中土地和(1.1%)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的面积为。由于对股骨上髁的鉴定不准确,有关的导航测量被认为是不可靠和可重复的。Navigated HKA膝弯曲90°”is not at a fair间接反射of epiphyseal捻。计算机辅助导航不能提供直接或间接、可靠和可重复的术中测量远端骺突股扭转。术前CT扫描是准确测量远端上叶股骨扭转的唯一可靠方法。