Use of artificial intelligence in analytical systems for the clinical laboratory.

J F Place, A Truchaud, K Ozawa, H Pardue, P Schnipelsky
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

The incorporation of information-processing technology into analytical systems in the form of standard computing software has recently been advanced by the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI), both as expert systems and as neural networks. This paper considers the role of software in system operation, control and automation, and attempts to define intelligence. AI is characterized by its ability to deal with incomplete and imprecise information and to accumulate knowledge. Expert systems, building on standard computing techniques, depend heavily on the domain experts and knowledge engineers that have programmed them to represent the real world. Neural networks are intended to emulate the pattern-recognition and parallel processing capabilities of the human brain and are taught rather than programmed. The future may lie in a combination of the recognition ability of the neural network and the rationalization capability of the expert system. In the second part of the paper, examples are given of applications of AI in stand-alone systems for knowledge engineering and medical diagnosis and in embedded systems for failure detection, image analysis, user interfacing, natural language processing, robotics and machine learning, as related to clinical laboratories. It is concluded that AI constitutes a collective form of intellectual propery, and that there is a need for better documentation, evaluation and regulation of the systems already being used in clinical laboratories.
人工智能在临床实验室分析系统中的应用。
将信息处理技术以标准计算软件的形式整合到分析系统中,最近随着人工智能(AI)的引入而得到了推进,无论是作为专家系统还是作为神经网络。本文考虑了软件在系统运行、控制和自动化中的作用,并试图定义智能。人工智能的特点是能够处理不完整和不精确的信息,并积累知识。专家系统,建立在标准的计算技术上,严重依赖于领域专家和知识工程师,这些专家和知识工程师已经将它们编程为代表现实世界。神经网络旨在模拟人类大脑的模式识别和并行处理能力,并且是教而不是编程的。未来可能是神经网络的识别能力和专家系统的合理化能力的结合。在论文的第二部分,给出了人工智能在知识工程和医学诊断的独立系统中的应用实例,以及在与临床实验室相关的故障检测、图像分析、用户界面、自然语言处理、机器人和机器学习的嵌入式系统中的应用实例。结论是,人工智能构成了一种集体形式的知识产权,有必要对临床实验室中已经使用的系统进行更好的记录、评估和监管。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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