Strain improvement for production of pharmaceuticals and other microbial metabolites by fermentation.

Arnold L Demain, Jose L Adrio
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引用次数: 63

Abstract

Microbes have been good to us. They have given us thousands of valuable products with novel structures and activities. In nature, they only produce tiny amounts of these secondary metabolic products as a matter of survival. Thus, these metabolites are not overproduced in nature, but they must be overproduced in the pharmaceutical industry. Genetic manipulations are used in industry to obtain strains that produce hundreds or thousands of times more than that produced by the originally isolated strain. These strain improvement programs traditionally employ mutagenesis followed by screening or selection; this is known as 'brute-force' technology. Today, they are supplemented by modern strategic technologies developed via advances in molecular biology, recombinant DNA technology, and genetics. The progress in strain improvement has increased fermentation productivity and decreased costs tremendously. These genetic programs also serve other goals such as the elimination of undesirable products or analogs, discovery of new antibiotics, and deciphering of biosynthetic pathways.

通过发酵生产药品和其他微生物代谢物的菌株改良。
微生物对我们有好处。他们为我们提供了数千种具有新颖结构和活动的宝贵产品。在自然界中,为了生存,它们只产生少量的次生代谢产物。因此,这些代谢物在自然界中不会过量生产,但在制药工业中一定会过量生产。工业上使用遗传操作来获得比最初分离的菌株产量高出数百或数千倍的菌株。这些菌株改良计划传统上采用诱变,然后筛选或选择;这就是所谓的“蛮力”技术。今天,通过分子生物学、重组DNA技术和遗传学的进步,它们得到了现代战略技术的补充。菌种改良的进步极大地提高了发酵生产率,降低了成本。这些遗传程序也服务于其他目标,如消除不需要的产物或类似物,发现新的抗生素,并破译生物合成途径。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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