The Roots of Genetic Coding in Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Duality.

IF 20.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Annual review of biochemistry Pub Date : 2021-06-20 Epub Date: 2021-03-29 DOI:10.1146/annurev-biochem-071620-021218
Charles W Carter, Peter R Wills
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引用次数: 16

Abstract

Codon-dependent translation underlies genetics and phylogenetic inferences, but its origins pose two challenges. Prevailing narratives cannot account for the fact that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which translate the genetic code, must collectively enforce the rules used to assemble themselves. Nor can they explain how specific assignments arose from rudimentary differentiation between ancestral aaRSs and corresponding transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Experimental deconstruction of the two aaRS superfamilies created new experimental tools with which to analyze the emergence of the code. Amino acid and tRNA substrate recognition are linked to phase transfer free energies of amino acids and arise largely from aaRS class-specific differences in secondary structure. Sensitivity to protein folding rules endowed ancestral aaRS-tRNA pairs with the feedback necessary to rapidly compare alternative genetic codes and coding sequences. These and other experimental data suggest that the aaRS bidirectional genetic ancestry stabilized the differentiation and interdependence required to initiate and elaborate the genetic coding table.

氨基酰基- trna合成酶二元性遗传编码的根源。
密码子依赖翻译是遗传学和系统发育推断的基础,但其起源提出了两个挑战。主流的说法无法解释这样一个事实,即翻译遗传密码的氨基酰基trna合成酶(aars)必须集体执行用于组装自己的规则。他们也不能解释特定的分配是如何从祖先aars和相应的转移rna (trna)之间的基本分化中产生的。两个aaRS超家族的实验解构创造了新的实验工具来分析代码的出现。氨基酸和tRNA底物识别与氨基酸的相转移自由能有关,主要源于aaRS类特异性二级结构的差异。对蛋白质折叠规则的敏感性赋予了祖先aaRS-tRNA对快速比较不同遗传密码和编码序列所必需的反馈。这些和其他实验数据表明,aaRS的双向遗传祖先稳定了分化和相互依赖,这是启动和精心设计遗传编码表所必需的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annual review of biochemistry
Annual review of biochemistry 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
33.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Biochemistry, in publication since 1932, sets the standard for review articles in biological chemistry and molecular biology. Since its inception, these volumes have served as an indispensable resource for both the practicing biochemist and students of biochemistry.
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