Effect of a Free-Living Ketogenic Diet on Feasibility, Satiety, Body Composition, and Metabolic Health in Women: The Grading Level of Optimal Carbohydrate for Women (GLOW) Study.
Catherine Saenz, Stephanie Hooper, Terrance Orange, Ashlyn Knight, Martin Barragan, Tarah Lynch, Abigail Remenapp, Kevin Coyle, Carena Winters, Heather Hausenblas
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: The study's purpose was to examine a free-living, ketogenic diet (WFKD) on feasibility, satiety, body composition, and metabolic health in women.
Methods: Twenty-two women (age (yr.) 42.2 ± 8.1, Ht. (cm) 164.2 ± 5.9, BMI 27.3 ± 6.0) participated in a 21-day, free-living dietary intervention. Daily ketone measurements and satiety/craving surveys, weekly diet records, and PRE and POST assessments of anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, and fasted capillary-blood glucose (BG) and cholesterol panels were collected.
Results: Women maintained calories (PRE: 1938 kcal vs POST: 1836 kcal) and protein (PRE: 17% vs POST: 20%) but decreased carbohydrate (PRE: 36% vs POST: 13%) and increased fat (PRE: 45% vs POST: 65%) PRE to POST (p ≤ 0.05). Daily self-reports suggested no changes in satiety or food cravings between PRE, WK 1, WK 2, and WK 3. Ketones increased (PRE 0.3 ± 0.2 mmol vs POST 0.8 ± 0.6 mmol) PRE to POST with significant differences between PRE and all other time points (p ≤ 0.05). Bodyweight (PRE: 73.9 kg vs POST: 72.3 kg) and body fat (PRE: 28.9 ± 13.4 kg vs POST 27. 4 ± 13.5 kg) decreased but there were no differences in fat-free mass PRE to POST (p ≤ 0.05). Systolic blood pressure decreased (PRE: 119.2 ± 8.9 mmHg vs POST: 109.5 ± 10.9 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure increased (PRE: 74.1 ± 7.5 mmHg vs POST: 78.8 ± 7.4 mmHg), and BG improved (94.0 ± 8.3 mg/dL vs POST 89.9 ± 9.0 mg/dL) PRE to POST (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) but TC/HDL decreased and low-density lipoprotein increased PRE to POST (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: Women were able to maintain calories, improve body composition, blood pressure, and BG, increase ketones, and improve some but not all cholesterol markers after 21 days on a free-living WFKD.
目的:本研究的目的是检验自由生活生酮饮食(WFKD)在女性中的可行性、饱腹感、身体成分和代谢健康。方法:22例女性(年龄:42.2±8.1岁;(cm) 164.2±5.9,BMI 27.3±6.0)参加了为期21天的自由生活饮食干预。收集每日酮测量和饱腹/渴望调查，每周饮食记录，以及人体测量前和后评估，身体成分，血压，空腹毛细血管血糖(BG)和胆固醇面板。结果:女性保持热量(前:1938千卡vs后:1836千卡)和蛋白质(前:17% vs后:20%)，但减少碳水化合物(前:36% vs后:13%)和增加脂肪(前:45% vs后:65%)前至后(p≤0.05)。每日自我报告显示，在PRE、第1周、第2周和第3周之间，饱腹感和食物渴望没有变化。PRE与POST之间酮类含量升高(PRE为0.3±0.2 mmol vs POST为0.8±0.6 mmol)， PRE与其他时间点差异显著(p≤0.05)。体重(PRE: 73.9 kg vs POST: 72.3 kg)和体脂(PRE: 28.9±13.4 kg vs POST 27)。4±13.5 kg)下降，但无脂质量PRE与POST差异不显著(p≤0.05)。收缩压降低(PRE: 119.2±8.9 mmHg vs POST: 109.5±10.9 mmHg)，舒张压升高(PRE: 74.1±7.5 mmHg vs POST: 78.8±7.4 mmHg)， BG改善(94.0±8.3 mg/dL vs POST: 89.9±9.0 mg/dL) (p≤0.05)。总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、甘油三酯(TG)均无显著差异，但TC/HDL降低，低密度脂蛋白升高PRE / POST (p≤0.05)。结论:在21天的自由生活WFKD后，女性能够保持卡路里，改善身体成分，血压和BG，增加酮，并改善一些但不是全部的胆固醇指标。
期刊介绍：
The Journal of the American College of Nutrition accepts the following types of submissions: Original and innovative research in nutrition science with useful application for researchers, physicians, nutritionists, and other healthcare professionals with emphasis on discoveries which help to individualize or "personalize" nutrition science; Critical reviews on pertinent nutrition topics that highlight key teaching points and relevance to nutrition; Letters to the editors and commentaries on important issues in the field of nutrition; Abstract clusters on nutritional topics with editorial comments; Book reviews; Abstracts from the annual meeting of the American College of Nutrition in the October issue.
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