Global Governance of Human Genome Editing: What Are the Rules?

IF 7.7 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Gary E Marchant
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Human gene editing, particularly using the new CRISPR/Cas9 technology, will greatly increase the capability to make precise changes to human genomes. Human gene editing can be broken into four major categories: somatic therapy, heritable gene editing, genetic enhancement, and basic and applied research. Somatic therapy is generally well governed by national regulatory systems, so the need for global governance is less urgent. All nations are in agreement that heritable gene editing should not proceed at this time, but there is likely to be divergence if and when such procedures are shown to be safe and effective. Gene editing for enhancement purposes is not feasible today but is more controversial with the public, and many nations do not have well-developed regulatory systems for addressing genetic enhancement. Finally, different nations treat research with human embryos very differently based on deeply embedded social, cultural, ethical, and legal traditions. Several international governance mechanisms are currently in operation for human gene editing, and several other governance mechanisms have been proposed. It is unlikely that any single mechanism will alone be effective for governing human gene editing; rather, a polycentric or ecosystem approach that includes several overlapping and interacting components is likely to be necessary.

人类基因组编辑的全球治理:规则是什么?
人类基因编辑,特别是使用新的CRISPR/Cas9技术,将大大提高对人类基因组进行精确改变的能力。人类基因编辑可以分为四大类:体细胞治疗、可遗传基因编辑、基因增强以及基础和应用研究。体细胞治疗通常由国家监管系统很好地管理,因此对全球治理的需求不那么迫切。所有国家都一致认为,目前不应该进行遗传基因编辑,但如果以及当这些程序被证明是安全有效的时候,可能会出现分歧。以增强为目的的基因编辑在今天是不可行的,但在公众中更具争议性,而且许多国家没有完善的监管体系来解决基因增强问题。最后,基于根深蒂固的社会、文化、伦理和法律传统,不同的国家对待人类胚胎研究的态度非常不同。目前,一些针对人类基因编辑的国际治理机制正在运行,其他一些治理机制也被提出。任何单一机制都不太可能单独有效地管理人类基因编辑;相反,可能需要一种包含多个重叠和交互组件的多中心或生态系统方法。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.90
自引率
1.10%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: Since its inception in 2000, the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics has been dedicated to showcasing significant developments in genomics as they pertain to human genetics and the human genome. The journal emphasizes genomic technology, genome structure and function, genetic modification, human variation and population genetics, human evolution, and various aspects of human genetic diseases, including individualized medicine.
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