Racial Disparities and COVID-19: Exploring the Relationship Between Race/Ethnicity, Personal Factors, Health Access/Affordability, and Conditions Associated with an Increased Severity of COVID-19.
Shondra Loggins Clay, Markisha J Woodson, Kathryn Mazurek, Beverly Antonio
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
COVID-19 was recognized as a pandemic in the United States in March 2020. Since the emergence, research has explored conditions associated with the illness; however, racial disparities remain underexplored. The purpose of this paper is to explore disparities in conditions associated with an increased severity risk of COVID-19 including race, personal factors, healthcare accessibility, and affordability. Using data from the 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. More Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks (61.1%) and NH Whites (61.2%) had conditions associated with increased severity risk of COVID-19 compared to Hispanics (47.1%) (p < .001). Racial differences revealed a higher proportion of NH Blacks with increased severity risk of COVID-19 were female (p < .001), not married (p < .001), not employed for wages (p < .001), had accessibility issues with transportation (p < .001), and had affordability issues with paying for medicine (p < .001). A higher proportion of Hispanic persons had a health place change (p = .020), had accessibility issues (e.g. telephone (p < .001), longer wait times (p < .001), closed facility (p = .038)) and had affordability issue with worrying about pay (p < .001). Significant predictors that were positively associated with increased severity risk of COVID-19 for all racial/ethnic groups were being NH Black, older age, having appointment issues, and affordability issues with medicine. Differences in magnitude across racial group dynamics were observed. Racial disparities exist in conditions associated with increased severity risk of COVID-19. As future policies and interventions are developed, it is important to consider differentials across racial group dynamics.
2020 年 3 月，COVID-19 在美国被认定为大流行病。自该疾病出现以来，研究人员对与该疾病相关的条件进行了探讨；然而，对种族差异的探讨仍然不足。本文旨在探讨与 COVID-19 严重性风险增加相关的条件差异，包括种族、个人因素、医疗保健可及性和可负担性。利用 2018 年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）的数据，进行了单变量和多变量分析。与西班牙裔（47.1%）相比，更多的非西班牙裔（NH）黑人（61.1%）和NH白人（61.2%）患有与COVID-19严重性风险增加相关的病症（p p p p p p p = .020），存在可及性问题（如电话（p p p p = .038）），并且存在担心支付问题的负担能力问题（p
期刊介绍：
Race and Social Problems (RASP) provides a multidisciplinary forum for the publication of articles and discussion of issues germane to race and its enduring relationship to socioeconomic, psychological, political, and cultural problems. The journal publishes original empirical studies, reviews of past research, theoretical studies, and invited essays that advance the understanding of the complexities of race and its relationship to social problems. Submissions from the fields of social work, anthropology, communications, criminology, economics, history, law, political science, psychology, public health, and sociology are welcome.
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