Substrate-modification using electroanatomical mapping in sinus rhythm to treat ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract

Unlabelled: The treatment especially of frequent ischemic VT remains a challenge for medical and catheter ablation procedures. We evaluated the efficacy of a substrate-based procedure to eliminate clinical VTs in this patient collective.

Methods: In 25 consecutive patients (ejection fraction 37+/-12%) with frequent symptomatic medically refractory ischemic VT (with recurrent ICD-shocks), left ventricular anatomic scar mapping (Biosense Webster CARTO) was performed in order to modify the underlying myocardial substrate. Scar tissue was identified as having bipolar voltages <0.5 mV. Prior to the procedure an electrophysiological study (EPS) to determine number and morphology of inducible VTs was performed. Linear ablation procedures (8 mm tip, 70 Watts, 70 degrees C) were based on the findings of scar areas and proximity to anatomic obstacles. Correct location of ablation was documented by similarity of the morphology during pace-mapping. Follow-up included clinical evaluation, ICD holter interrogation plus holter ECG recording.

Results: The clinical VT was eliminated by linear catheter ablation in 23/25 patients (92%) (failure due to unstable catheter position during transaortic approach in 1 and epicardial origin of VT in 1). In 16/23 patients (70%) complete success could be produced with no VT inducible after substrate modification (1.7+/-1.0 lines per patient). In 7 patients (30%) only partial success was documented with further VTs inducible after ablation. No procedure-related complications occurred. During follow- up (10+/-4 months) 4 patients (16%) had occurrences of new VTs documented on ICD holter (3 patients with initially partial success and 1 with initial complete success) differing in cycle length and morphology from the clinical VT. Comparing patients with complete to those with partial success, there was a statistically significant difference of 93 vs. 48% freedom of arrhythmia (p=0.03). No difference in regard to baseline characteristics existed in these two patient subgroups.

Conclusions: Ablation of frequent VTs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy can be safely performed using electro-anatomic scar mapping with a high procedural success of 90%. Based on the morphological findings, linear ablation can suppress inducibility of all VTs in 70% of patients with high mid-term efficacy. In patients with only partial ablation success, non-clinical VTs often occur early during follow-up (50%).