{"title":"Microbial oxidation of kynurenic, xanthurenic and picolinic acids","authors":"S. Dagley , Patricia A. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/0006-3002(63)91023-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Resulta of a study of the degradation of kynurenic acid by an Aerococcus are in agreement with a reaction sequence proposed for Pseudomonas by other workers. This sequence includes Compounds I and II below.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Partial inhibition of oxidation of kynurenic acid by cell suspensions caused an accumulation of pyruvate with arsenite as inhibitor; α-ketoglutarate and aspartate accumulated when semicarbazide was used.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Crystals of Compound II, having properties expected for 5-β(carboxyethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinic acid were isolated from cultures of the Aerococcus oxidizing kynurenic acid.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The properties are described of a solution of purified Compound I, also isolated from culture fluids. These properties are those expected for 5-(γ-carboxy, γ-oxopropenyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinic acid.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. Dialysed cell-free extracts converted 7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid to Compound I; the latter was degraded when reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide was added to the extract.</p></span></li><li><span>6.</span><span><p>6. Compound II was degraded by cell-free extracts; pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, aspartate and glutamate were identified as reaction products; and when extracts were inhibited by semicarbazide the first of these compounds to appear were aspartate and α-ketoglutarate.</p></span></li><li><span>7.</span><span><p>7. Evidence is presented that xanthurenic acid is not an intermediate in the conversion of kynurenic to 7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid.</p></span></li><li><span>8.</span><span><p>8. The Aerococcus and a Rhodotorula both attacked picolinic acid, and 6-hydroxypicolinic acid was isolated from arsenite-inhibited cultures.</p></span></li><li><span>9.</span><span><p>9. Cell-free extracts of Rhodotorula converted picolinic to 6-hydroxypicolinic acid. The reaction can occur anaerobically in the presence of methylene blue and resembles the conversion of nicotinic acid to 6-hydroxynicotinic acid described by other workers for Pseudomonas.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":94301,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta","volume":"78 4","pages":"Pages 577-587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1963-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0006-3002(63)91023-0","citationCount":"40","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biochimica et biophysica acta","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006300263910230","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Abstract
1.
1. Resulta of a study of the degradation of kynurenic acid by an Aerococcus are in agreement with a reaction sequence proposed for Pseudomonas by other workers. This sequence includes Compounds I and II below.
2.
2. Partial inhibition of oxidation of kynurenic acid by cell suspensions caused an accumulation of pyruvate with arsenite as inhibitor; α-ketoglutarate and aspartate accumulated when semicarbazide was used.
3.
3. Crystals of Compound II, having properties expected for 5-β(carboxyethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinic acid were isolated from cultures of the Aerococcus oxidizing kynurenic acid.
4.
4. The properties are described of a solution of purified Compound I, also isolated from culture fluids. These properties are those expected for 5-(γ-carboxy, γ-oxopropenyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinic acid.
5.
5. Dialysed cell-free extracts converted 7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid to Compound I; the latter was degraded when reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide was added to the extract.
6.
6. Compound II was degraded by cell-free extracts; pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, aspartate and glutamate were identified as reaction products; and when extracts were inhibited by semicarbazide the first of these compounds to appear were aspartate and α-ketoglutarate.
7.
7. Evidence is presented that xanthurenic acid is not an intermediate in the conversion of kynurenic to 7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid.
8.
8. The Aerococcus and a Rhodotorula both attacked picolinic acid, and 6-hydroxypicolinic acid was isolated from arsenite-inhibited cultures.
9.
9. Cell-free extracts of Rhodotorula converted picolinic to 6-hydroxypicolinic acid. The reaction can occur anaerobically in the presence of methylene blue and resembles the conversion of nicotinic acid to 6-hydroxynicotinic acid described by other workers for Pseudomonas.