{"title":"Leishmania species and zymodemes isolated from endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Jordan.","authors":"Laila Nimri, Radwan Soubani, Marina Gramiccia","doi":"10.1186/1475-9292-1-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in the Middle Eastern countries. New cases are emerging in areas previously free of the disease. In Jordan, the diagnosis of cases during the 1960s and 1970s was mainly reported in military hospitals in Amman. Endemicity of the disease was ascertained after reporting a total of 524 cases during 1973-1978. RESULTS: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica were isolated from seventy-six autochthonous and imported cases of CL, during eight-year period. The highest infection rates recorded were in the central part of Jordan (60.5%), in males (72.4%) and in the age group 21-30 years (30.5%). Lesions were on the exposed sites of the body, mainly on the face (40%). Both Leishmania spp. were isolated from all parts of the country, although L. major was the predominant species (75% of cases) in all areas except in the north part of Jordan. Isoenzyme characterization of the isolates identified four previously undescribed zymodemes (Z). Four Leishmania major zymodemes were found, one of which was a new zymodeme (ZMON-103 variant in GLUD220); L. major ZMON-103 was the most common zymodeme. Four Leishmania tropica zymodemes were identified, of which three were previously unreported. Of these, ZMON-54 var PGD96-97 was isolated from autochthonous cases, whereas ZMON-59 var MDH100 and ZMON-75 var FH110 were obtained from both autochthonous and imported cases, or from an imported CL case, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate the emergence of the CL disease in new areas. New foci are reported, where the sporadic nature of the cases indicates recent spread of the disease to these areas and the urge for the implementation of control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17853,"journal":{"name":"Kinetoplastid Biology and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2002-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1475-9292-1-7","citationCount":"31","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Kinetoplastid Biology and Disease","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9292-1-7","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in the Middle Eastern countries. New cases are emerging in areas previously free of the disease. In Jordan, the diagnosis of cases during the 1960s and 1970s was mainly reported in military hospitals in Amman. Endemicity of the disease was ascertained after reporting a total of 524 cases during 1973-1978. RESULTS: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica were isolated from seventy-six autochthonous and imported cases of CL, during eight-year period. The highest infection rates recorded were in the central part of Jordan (60.5%), in males (72.4%) and in the age group 21-30 years (30.5%). Lesions were on the exposed sites of the body, mainly on the face (40%). Both Leishmania spp. were isolated from all parts of the country, although L. major was the predominant species (75% of cases) in all areas except in the north part of Jordan. Isoenzyme characterization of the isolates identified four previously undescribed zymodemes (Z). Four Leishmania major zymodemes were found, one of which was a new zymodeme (ZMON-103 variant in GLUD220); L. major ZMON-103 was the most common zymodeme. Four Leishmania tropica zymodemes were identified, of which three were previously unreported. Of these, ZMON-54 var PGD96-97 was isolated from autochthonous cases, whereas ZMON-59 var MDH100 and ZMON-75 var FH110 were obtained from both autochthonous and imported cases, or from an imported CL case, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate the emergence of the CL disease in new areas. New foci are reported, where the sporadic nature of the cases indicates recent spread of the disease to these areas and the urge for the implementation of control measures.
背景:皮肤利什曼病(CL)是中东国家的地方病。在以前没有这种疾病的地区出现了新的病例。在约旦,1960年代和1970年代的病例诊断主要报告在安曼的军事医院进行。在1973-1978年共报告524例病例后,确定了该病的地方性。结果:8年间,从76例本地和输入病例中分离出大利什曼原虫和热带利什曼原虫。感染率最高的是约旦中部地区(60.5%),其次是男性(72.4%)和21-30岁年龄组(30.5%)。病变发生在身体暴露部位,以面部为主(40%)。两种利什曼原虫均从全国各地分离到,但除约旦北部地区外,所有地区均以大利什曼原虫为优势种(占病例的75%)。同工酶鉴定鉴定出4种以前未描述的酶型(Z)。发现4种利什曼原虫主酶型,其中1种为新酶型(GLUD220的ZMON-103变体);L. major ZMON-103是最常见的酶原。鉴定出四种热带利什曼原虫酶解,其中三种以前未报道。其中,ZMON-54变种PGD96-97从本地病例中分离得到,ZMON-59变种MDH100和ZMON-75变种FH110分别从本地病例和输入病例中分离得到,或从输入病例中分离得到。结论:本研究结果提示CL疾病在新的领域出现。报告了新的疫源地,其中病例的散发性质表明该疾病最近已传播到这些地区,并迫切需要实施控制措施。