Psychopharmacology of ADHD in adolescents.

Abstract

The use of medication is an important element in the management of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An overview of basic psychopharmacologic principles is presented, followed by a review of medications that are well-documented as effective in the amelioration of ADHD symptomatology. These include stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines, and pemoline), tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, desipramine, and nortriptyline), alpha2-agonists (clonidine and guanfacine), and bupropion. Medications used to treat comorbidities of ADHD (e.g., depression, anxiety, disruptive disorders) are not considered in this review. Psychopharmacology is a very useful tool as part of the overall management of ADHD in adolescents.