Involvement of L1.1 in memory consolidation after active avoidance conditioning in zebrafish.

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-06-15
G Pradel, R Schmidt, M Schachner
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Abstract

To investigate the involvement of the cell adhesion molecules L1.1, L1.2, NCAM, and tenascin-C in memory formation, zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) were trained in an active avoidance paradigm to cross a hurdle to avoid mild electric shocks after a light signal. Application of [(14)C]deoxyglucose prior to the training session revealed an increased energy demand in the optic tectum during acquisition of the active avoidance response compared with untrained fish and with fish not learning the task (nonlearners). In situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes directed against zebrafish L1.1, L1.2, NCAM, and tenascin-C revealed an enhanced expression of L1.1 and NCAM mRNA in the optic tectum of learners 3 h after acquisition of the task compared with untrained fish, nonlearners, overtrained fish, and learners decapitated 1 or 6 h after acquisition. Levels of L1.2 mRNA were not significantly increased in the tectum 3 h after learning. Tenascin-C was neither expressed in the optic tectum of untrained fish nor in the tectum of learners. To test for a possible involvement of L1.1 in memory consolidation, antibodies were injected intracerebroventricularly 1 h after the last training trial. Two days later, injected zebrafish were tested for recall and evaluated by a retention score (RS), ranging from 1.0 for immediate recall to 0.0 indicating no savings. The average retention score of L1.1 antibody-injected fish (RS = 0. 29) was different from that of tenascin-C antibody-injected (RS = 0. 71) or uninjected fish (RS = 0.78), indicating a pivotal function of L1.1 in long-term memory formation in zebrafish.

斑马鱼主动回避条件反射后L1.1参与记忆巩固。
为了研究细胞粘附分子L1.1, L1.2, NCAM和tenascin-C在记忆形成中的作用,斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)被训练成主动回避范式,在光信号后越过障碍以避免轻微电击。在训练前应用[(14)C]脱氧葡萄糖显示,与未训练的鱼和未学习任务的鱼(非学习者)相比,在获得主动回避反应期间,视神经顶的能量需求增加。用地高辛标记的cRNA探针对斑马鱼L1.1、L1.2、NCAM和tenascin-C进行原位杂交发现,与未训练的鱼、未训练的鱼、过度训练的鱼和在获得任务后1或6小时被去头的学习者相比,学习者在获得任务后3小时的视神经顶盖中L1.1和NCAM mRNA的表达增强。学习后3 h,大鼠顶盖L1.2 mRNA水平无显著升高。Tenascin-C在未经训练的鱼的视神经顶盖和学习者的顶盖中均未表达。为了检验L1.1是否可能参与记忆巩固,在最后一次训练试验后1小时向脑室内注射抗体。两天后,对注射过的斑马鱼进行回忆测试,并通过保留评分(RS)进行评估,评分范围从1.0表示立即回忆到0.0表示没有记忆。L1.1抗体注射鱼的平均保留率(RS = 0。29)与注射tenascin-C抗体组(RS = 0。71)或未注射的鱼(RS = 0.78),表明L1.1在斑马鱼长期记忆形成中的关键作用。
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