K Shinohara, A Yanagisawa, Y Kagota, A Gomi, K Nemoto, E Moriya, E Furusawa, K Furuya, K Terasawa
{"title":"Physiological changes in Pachinko players; beta-endorphin, catecholamines, immune system substances and heart rate.","authors":"K Shinohara, A Yanagisawa, Y Kagota, A Gomi, K Nemoto, E Moriya, E Furusawa, K Furuya, K Terasawa","doi":"10.2114/jpa.18.37","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pachinko is a popular form of recreation in Japan. However, in recent years, along with Pachinko's popularity, \"Pachinko dependence\" has become topical news. The purpose of this study was to investigate beta-endorphin, catecholamines, immune system responses and heart rate during the playing of Pachinko. The following significant results were observed. (1) Plasma concentration of beta-endorphin increased before playing Pachinko and while in the Pachinko-center (p < 0.05). (2) Beta-endorphin and norepinephrine increased when the player began to win (i.e. at \"Fever-start\") compared to baseline (p < 0.05). (3) Beta-endorphin, norepinephrine and dopamine increased when the winning streak finished (i.e. at \"Fever-end\") compared to baseline (p < 0.05-0.01). (4) Norepinephrine increased past 30 minutes after \"Fever-end\" compared to baseline (p < 0.05). (5) Heart rate increased before \"Fever-start\" compared to baseline, peaked at \"Fever-start\" and rapidly decreased to match rates measured at rest. But the increase was observed from 200 seconds after \"Fever-start\" (p < 0.05-0.001). (6) There was a positive correlation between the number of hours subjects played Pachinko in a week and the differences between beta-endorphin levels at \"Fever-start\" and those at rest (p < 0.05). (7) The number of T-cells decreased while the number of NK cells increased at \"Fever-start\" compared to baseline (p < .05). These results suggest that intracerebral substances such as beta-endorphin and dopamine are involved in the habit-forming behavior associated with Pachinko.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.18.37","citationCount":"63","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.18.37","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 63
Abstract
Pachinko is a popular form of recreation in Japan. However, in recent years, along with Pachinko's popularity, "Pachinko dependence" has become topical news. The purpose of this study was to investigate beta-endorphin, catecholamines, immune system responses and heart rate during the playing of Pachinko. The following significant results were observed. (1) Plasma concentration of beta-endorphin increased before playing Pachinko and while in the Pachinko-center (p < 0.05). (2) Beta-endorphin and norepinephrine increased when the player began to win (i.e. at "Fever-start") compared to baseline (p < 0.05). (3) Beta-endorphin, norepinephrine and dopamine increased when the winning streak finished (i.e. at "Fever-end") compared to baseline (p < 0.05-0.01). (4) Norepinephrine increased past 30 minutes after "Fever-end" compared to baseline (p < 0.05). (5) Heart rate increased before "Fever-start" compared to baseline, peaked at "Fever-start" and rapidly decreased to match rates measured at rest. But the increase was observed from 200 seconds after "Fever-start" (p < 0.05-0.001). (6) There was a positive correlation between the number of hours subjects played Pachinko in a week and the differences between beta-endorphin levels at "Fever-start" and those at rest (p < 0.05). (7) The number of T-cells decreased while the number of NK cells increased at "Fever-start" compared to baseline (p < .05). These results suggest that intracerebral substances such as beta-endorphin and dopamine are involved in the habit-forming behavior associated with Pachinko.