Alan V. Pollock
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引用次数: 10
Abstract
Clinical research may be either epidemiological or experimental. Epidemiological (observational) research includes cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies and draws attention to associations, which may or may not denote cause and effect. Experimental research may be explanatory, the purpose of which is to advance our knowledge of physiological or pathological events; or it may be pragmatic, the purpose of which is to influence our treatment of patients. All these types of clinical research have their own rules, but underlying the detailed rules are the universal ones of telling the truth and doing no harm. Copyright © 1998 Taylor and Francis Ltd.
正确进行外科临床研究的指南
临床研究可以是流行病学的，也可以是实验性的。流行病学(观察性)研究包括横断面、病例对照和队列研究，并引起人们对关联的注意，这些关联可能表示因果关系，也可能不表示因果关系。实验研究可能是解释性的，其目的是提高我们对生理或病理事件的认识;也可能是务实的，目的是影响我们对病人的治疗。所有这些类型的临床研究都有自己的规则，但在详细规则的基础上是讲真话和不伤害的普遍规则。版权所有©1998 Taylor and Francis Ltd。
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