[The general and specific mechanisms of adaptation of the body to extreme exposures].

Abstract

The authors studied the dynamic of changes in auditory-vestibular system as well as the mechanisms of general and specific adaptation of organism to different extreme effects. 94 volunteers were examined in conditions of hyperbarism, hypobarism, hypergravitation and sea extreme factors. For registration of morphological changes and their correlation with biochemical and electrophysiological changes, experiments were performed on 272 animals using the same extreme factors. Complex clinical, biochemical, electrophysiological psychophysiological, and in the animals-morphological studies were performed. The state of the auditory-vestibular, cardiovascular, nerve, respiratory systems as well as the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, mineral-electrolytes and biogenic amines are followed up. It is well known that the immediate adaptation to extreme effects occurs on three levels-biochemical, anatomo-physiological and nerve-psychic. These levels are comparatively independent but also mutually related and determining each other. It was found out that in the different types of extreme effects the leading role is played by a different level. For example in sea extreme effects the nerve psychic adaptation level is dominating while in hyperbaric overstrain the anatomo-physiologic level plays the leading role. It is found out that 70% of the incidents during divers' experience is due to changes mainly in the middle year and in the labyrinth. Attention is paid on the role of genotype characteristics of adaptation as well as on the organism's tolerance towards the nitrous narcosis and oxidative intoxication. An interesting finding is that the animals and volunteers who decrease the blood serotonin values following the extreme effect are with higher stability and the immediate adaptation occurs quicker and is more effective. There is no data in the literature on this topic. These results could be used for prognosing the stability of the organism and for decreasing the health risk for the working under extreme effects, for their prevention and treatment as well as in the professional selection.